703例次移植肾穿刺活组织检查的病理诊断分析

Analysis of pathological diagnosis in 703 samples of renal graft biopsy

目的总结移植肾穿刺活组织检查(活检)的并发症发生情况,分析穿刺指征及病理诊断类型。方法回顾性分析2017年1月1日至2022年12月31日644例肾移植受者的703例次超声引导下移植肾穿刺活检的资料,分析穿刺合格率、并发症、指征性活检的穿刺指征和病理诊断类型。分析监视性活检的应用和病理诊断。结果肾组织穿刺活检合格率为99.9%,穿刺出血并发症包括移植肾周血肿和血尿各1例次。血清肌酐升高(76.8%)和蛋白尿(13.8%)为主要穿刺指征,48例次(6.8%)为评估治疗效果的监视性活检。病理诊断排斥反应共399例次,其中细胞性排斥反应293例次、抗体性排斥反应60例次、混合性排斥反应46例次;原发病复发或新发肾病195例次,主要为IgA肾病144例次和局灶性节段性肾小球硬化42例次;感染相关肾病共57例次,其中BK病毒相关性肾病(BKVAN)56例次;钙调磷酸酶抑制剂(CNI)肾毒性损伤31例次,包括急性CNI肾毒性损伤15例次和慢性CNI肾毒性损伤16例次;其他诊断45例次。结论移植肾穿刺活检的成功率高及安全性好,现阶段细胞性排斥反应仍然是移植肾指征性活检的最主要病理诊断。

Objective To summarize the occurrence of complications in renal graft biopsy,and to analyze the indications for puncture and types of pathological diagnosis.Methods The data of 703 samples of ultrasound-guided renal graft biopsy from 644 kidney transplant recipients from January 1,2017,to December 31,2022 was retrospectively analyzed.The puncture qualification rate,complications,indicative biopsy indications and pathological diagnosis types were analyzed.The application of surveillance biopsy and pathological diagnosis were also analyzed.Results The qualification rate of renal tissue puncture biopsy was 99.9%,and the complications of puncture bleeding included one sample of perinephric hematoma and one sample of hematuria.Increased serum creatinine(76.8%)and proteinuria(13.8%)were the main indications for puncture,and 48 samples(6.8%)were surveillance biopsy for the assessment of therapeutic effects.A total of 399 samples of pathological diagnosis of rejection,including 293 samples of cellular rejection reaction,60 samples of antibody rejection reaction,and 46 samples of mixed rejection reaction.One hundred and ninety-five samples of recurrence or new-onset kidney disease,mainly including 144 samples of IgA nephropathy and 42 samples of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.Fifty-seven samples of infection related kidney disease,including 56 samples of BK virus-associated nephropathy(BKVAN).Thirty-one samples of calcineurin inhibitor(CNI)nephrotoxicity injury,including 15 samples of acute CNI nephrotoxicity injury and 16 samples of chronic CNI nephrotoxicity injury.Forty-five samples for other diagnoses.Conclusions The success rate and safety of renal graft biopsy are high,and at present,cellular rejection reaction is still the main pathological diagnosis of indicative biopsy for renal graft.