芜湖市老年住院患者口腔衰弱现状及影响因素分析

Current situation of oral frailty in elderly inpatients in Wuhu City and analysis of its influencing factors

目的 通过调查芜湖市老年住院患者口腔衰弱现状,并分析其影响因素。方法 采用便利抽样法,选择2023年9月—2024年1月在芜湖市三家三级甲等医院住院的880例老年患者作为研究对象,利用一般资料调查表、口腔衰弱指数-8量表、衰弱量表、微型营养量表和社会支持评定量表进行问卷调查。结果 芜湖市老年住院患者口腔衰弱的发生率为58.5%,采用Spearman相关分析,老年人口腔衰弱与衰弱呈正相关(r=0.600,P<0.01),与营养呈负相关(r=-0.414,P<0.01),与社会支持度呈负相关(r=-0.408,P<0.01)。采用二元Logistic回归分析得出高龄、女性、义齿、缺牙数、口服药数、吸烟史、饮食咸、口腔干燥是老年住院患者口腔衰弱的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 老年住院患者口腔衰弱的风险高,护理人员应该早期采取口腔衰弱护理措施的干预,以减少口腔疾病和口腔衰弱的发生。

Objective To investigate the current situation of oral frailty in elderly inpatients in Wuhu City,and to analyze its influencing factors.Methods A total of 880 elderly patients hospitalized in three tertiary hospitals in Wuhu from September 2023 to January 2024 were selected by convenience sampling method,and questionnaires were conducted using the General Information Questionnaire,the Oral Frailty Index-8 Scale,the Frailty Scale,the Micronutrition Scale,and the Social Support Rating Scale.Results The incidence of oral frailty among elderly inpatients in Wuhu City was 58.5%.Spearman correlation analysis showed that oral frailty was positively correlated with frailty(r=0.600,P<0.01);negatively correlated with nutrition(r=-0.414,P<0.01),and negatively correlated with social support(r=-0.408,P<0.01).Binary logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age,female gender,dentures,number of missing teeth,amount of oral medication,smoking history,salty diet,and dry mouth were the influencing factors of oral frailty in elderly hospitalized patients(P<0.05).Conclusions The elderly hospitalized patients is at high risk of oral frailty,and nursing staff should take early intervention of oral frailty nursing measures to reduce the occurrence of oral diseases and oral frailty.