α-突触核蛋白的生理功能和病理作用新研究进展

New progresses on the physiological and pathological roles ofα-synuclein

α-突触核蛋白(α-Syn)是中枢神经系统中高表达的可溶性蛋白质,主要分布在神经元的突触前结构,通过调控突触囊泡的运输、神经递质的释放和回收来维持正常突触功能。在病理状态下,错误折叠或过度磷酸化的α-Syn在脑内的异常沉积可诱发多种神经退行性疾病,但到目前为止,还没有找到治疗这些疾病的方法,其致病机制仍处于研究阶段。阐述α-Syn的生理功能对α-Syn发病机制的研究至关重要,将为疾病的早期诊断和早期治疗提供新靶点、新线索。本文就α-Syn的生理功能和病理作用相关的新研究进展进行综述。

α-synuclein(α-Syn)is a soluble protein that mainly exists in the presynaptic structures of neurons in the central nervous system,participating synaptic vesicle transportation,neurotransmitter release and recycle,and thereby maintaining normal synaptic functions.So far,a lot of evidences have revealed that abnormal aggregation or hyperphosphorylation ofα-Syn in the human brain can cause many neurodegenerative diseases,but there are no effective cures for these diseases,even their pathogenesis remains under investigation.To clarifyα-Syn physiological is crucial understanding of the pathogenesis ofα-Syn related diseases.It will provide new targets for early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Here,this paper reviews the latest research progress on the physiological functions and pathological effects ofα-Syn.