高血压人群体质指数与危险因素分析

Analysis of body mass index and risk factors in hypertensive population

目的分析高血压人群中体质指数(BMI)与腰围(WC)等危险因素的关系,为高血压的预防和控制提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层抽样的方法,于2021年1月—2023年12月在郴州市选择了450名成年居民作为调研对象,通过调查问卷收集性别、年龄、BMI、WC、饮食情况、生活习惯等资料,分析高血压与BMI关系及影响高血压发病的危险因素。结果450名居民中高血压患病率为18.22%,随着BMI的增加高血压患病率逐渐升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。超重、肥胖和向心性肥胖的居民高血压患病率明显高于正常体重居民。多因素logistic回归分析显示年龄、吸烟、饮酒、高盐饮食、BMI(超重/肥胖)和向心性肥胖是影响高血压发生的高危因素。不同BMI分级联合WC的分析进一步证实了BMI和WC与高血压患病风险的关联。结论高血压患者常伴随不同程度的BMI升高,而BMI、向心性肥胖是影响高血压发病的危险因素。在高血压的预防和控制中,应重视控制BMI和WC等可控因素,以降低高血压的患病风险。

Objective To analyze the relationship between body mass index(BMI)and waist circumference(WC)and other risk factors in the hypertensive population,providing scientific evidence for the prevention and control of hypertension.Methods A multi-stage stratified sampling method was adopted to select 450 adult residents in the Chenzhou City from January 2021 to December 2023 as survey and research subjects.The data of gender,age,BMI,WC,dietary habits and life habits were collected through questionnaires to analyze the relationship between hypertension and BMI,as well as the risk factors influencing the onset of hypertension.Results The prevalence of hypertension among the 450residents was 18.22%,and the prevalence of hypertension gradually increased with BMI,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The prevalence of hypertension in residents with overweight,obesity,and central obesity was significantly higher than those in residents with normal weight.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age,smoking,alcohol consumption,high-salt diet,BMI(overweight/obesity),and central obesity were high risk factors for hypertension.Further analysis combining different BMI classifications combined with WC confirmed the association between BMI,WC,and the risk of hypertension.Conclusion Hypertensive patients often had a present with varying degrees of elevated BMI,and BMI and central obesity,were risk factors for the onset of hypertension.In the prevention and control of hypertension,attention should be paid to controlling modifiable factors such as BMI and WC,in order to reduce the risk of hypertension.