乡村小学建筑低碳设计策略研究——以低技术手段校园为例

Low-Carbon Design Strategies for Rural Primary Schools:A Case of Low Technology Rural Primary Schools

乡村小学数量多分布广,是实现国民教育体系绿色低碳发展的重要组成部分。通过分析《建筑碳排放计算标准》中的计算逻辑,结合对低技术手段乡村小学设计案例的分析,从建筑全生命周期的角度来归纳总结乡村小学设计营造过程中的低碳设计策略,以期对教育建筑的低碳设计乃至双碳目标的实现做出贡献。在建材生产运输阶段,通过使用可循环再生建材、低碳排放因子建材和当地材料以及建筑轻量化等策略可以降低碳排放;在建造拆除阶段,通过采用预制装配式技术和对既有建筑改造的策略可以降低碳排放;在建筑运行阶段,通过被动式节能、使用可再生能源、增加绿地碳汇等策略可以降低碳排放。

The large number and wide distribution of rural primary schools are an important component of achieving green and low-carbon development in the national education system.By analyzing the calculation logic in the Building Carbon Emission Calculation Standards and combining it with the analysis of low technology rural primary school design cases,we summarize the low-carbon design strategies in the design and construction process of rural primary schools from the perspective of the entire life cycle of buildings,in order to contribute to the low-carbon design of educational buildings and even the achievement of the dual carbon goals.In the production and transportation stage of building materials,carbon emissions can be reduced through the use of recyclable and renewable building materials,low-carbon emission factor building materials and local materials,as well as strategies such as building lightweight.During the construction and demolition phase,carbon emissions can be reduced by adopting prefabricated assembly technology and strategies for renovating existing buildings.During the operation phase of buildings,strategies such as passive energy conservation,the use of renewable energy,and increasing green space carbon sinks can reduce carbon emissions.