民族治理中的国家节点——在多元一体与一体多元之间

National Nodes in Ethnic Governance——Between Diversity in the Unity and Diversity under the Unity

民族是国家构建的基础,国家是民族发展的保障。在民族发展变迁中,国家成为民族治理变迁的历史节点与政治节点。基于历史分析与比较分析双重视角,可以发现,国家对于民族治理的整合及其内在规定,为民族治理的多元性表达提供了制度保障。中华民族多元一体的形成,伴随着国家的地理边界、政治边界与身份边界形成的全过程。在民族国家形成之后,作为统一的多民族国家,中国各民族地区构成国家的治理单元,也意味着一体多元的治理转向。具体而言,民族走向国家的“多元一体”过程,蕴含着国家治理与民族治理“一体多元”的逻辑互动,“中华民族共同体意识”的铸牢,强调了国家在各民族共同性、共通性中的规范作用,并为民族治理的差异性提供了制度保障。

The nation is the foundation for the construction of the state,and the state is the guarantee for the development of the nation.With the national development,the state becomes the historical and political node of the change of ethnic governance.Based on the dual perspectives of historical and comparative analyses,the integration of the state and its inherent provisions for ethnic governance have provided institutional safeguards for the expression of the plurality of ethnic governance.The process of the formation of the Chinese nation's plurality is accompanied by the formation of the nation's geographic,political and identity boundaries.After the formation of the nation-state,as a unified multi-ethnic state,the various ethnic regions of China constitute the governance unit of the state,which also implies a shift towards the governance of unity and plurality.Specifically,the process of ethnic groups moving towards the state as“diversity in the unity”implies a logical interaction between national and ethnic governance as“diversity under the unity”,and the forging of a“sense of community for the Chinese nation”has emphasised the role of the state in the commonality of the nationalities,and has provided systematical guarantee for the differences in ethnic governance.