基于景观格局指数的河流生境特征描述方法研究

Description method research of river habitat characteristics based on landscape pattern indices

以金沙江支流黑水河为研究对象,借助景观格局指数,筛选并建立描述生境特征的指标集,分析了黑水河苏家湾电站所处河段生境特征变化规律。研究结果表明:在不同工况下,生境斑块的时间和空间分布存在明显差异;主成分分析共提取出11个代表指标,从形状、聚集性、复杂性等方面描述了生境特征;筛选得到的生境指标集随流量变化存在4种不同的变化趋势,其中斑块占景观面积百分比、连接度、整体性和回旋半径加权面积指数与鱼类加权可用面积的变化显著相关。生境景观格局指数反映了鱼类生境斑块配置及其质量的变化,可为河流可持续发展和鱼类生境修复提供可靠的监测依据。

In this paper,the Heishui River,a tributary of the Jinsha River,was selected as a research object.With the help of the landscape pattern index,an index set describing the habitat characteristics was screened and established.The changing law of the habitat characteristics in the section of the Heishui River where the Sujiawan Power Station is located was analyzed,providing a basis for monitoring the sustainable development of the river and the restoration of the habitat.The results showed that the temporal and spatial distributions of habitat patches differed significantly under different working conditions.A total of 11 representative indicators were extracted by the principal component analysis to describe the habitat characteristics in terms of shape,aggregation,complexity,etc.The set of habitat indicators obtained through the screening had four different trends with the flow changes,among which,the percentage of the patches in the landscape area,the degree of connectivity,the wholeness,and the radius of gyration-weighted area index were associated with the changes in fish-weighted available area significantly.The habitat landscape pattern indices reflect changes in fish habitat patch configuration and its quality,which can provide a reliable monitoring indicator for fish habitat restoration.