MOA理论视角下中职学生职业能力提升路径研究——基于28个职业技能大赛获奖者案例的定性比较分析

The Improvement Paths of Vocational Ability of Secondary Vocational Students from the Perspective of MOA Theory——A Qualitative Comparative Analysis Based on the Cases of 28 Winners of Vocational Skills Competitions

职业能力建设是推进制造强国、质量强国的重要议题。选取职业技能大赛获奖者为典型案例,基于MOA理论识别动机、机会、能力三个层面的5个前因条件,运用模糊集定性比较分析方法探讨影响中职学生职业能力提升的组合路径。研究发现:动机、机会和能力均不构成高水平职业能力的必要条件;职业能力的提升是多因素联动的结果,且存在多种实现路径;自主学习能力对职业能力提升发挥普适作用,非高学习环境是高水平职业能力发展的制约因素。基于此,中职学生职业能力的提升路径为:多措并举培养学生自主学习能力;建立以自我奋斗精神、学习环境和自主学习能力为核心条件的职业能力提升组合模式;针对不同类型学生实施不同职业能力提升组合模式。

Vocational capacity building is an important issue in promoting a strong manufacturing country and a strong quality country.The typical cases of the winners of the vocational skills competition were selected,the five antecedents of motivation,opportunity and ability were identified based on the MOA theory,and the combination paths affecting the vocational ability improvement of secondary vocational students was explored by using the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method.The results show that motivation,opportunity and ability do not constitute the necessary conditions for high-level vocational ability,the formation of vocational ability improvement is the result of multi-factor linkage,and there are multiple paths to achieve the improvement of vocational ability,self-learning ability plays a universal role in the improvement of vocational ability,and the non-high learning environment is the constraint of high-level vocational ability development.Based on this,the following paths are proposed for the enhancement of vocational skills among vocational students:multiple measures should be taken to cultivate students'autonomous learning ability;a combination model for enhancing vocational skills should be established with self-striving spirit,learning environment,and autonomous learning ability as the core conditions;different models for enhancing vocational skills should be implemented for different types of students.