职业院校技能大赛集训教学问题与对策研究——基于对汽车技术赛项相关人员的访谈

Research on Training Teaching Problems and Countermeasures in Vocational Skills Competitions——Based on Interviews with People Involved in Automotive Technology Competition

职业技能大赛赛前集训教学对大赛成绩有明显影响。对上海市参与汽车技术赛项的指导教师、参赛学生和大赛裁判进行访谈调查,对数据进行开放性编码,归纳出影响技能大赛集训教学质量的主要因素。研究发现,造成技能大赛集训教学问题的主要原因包括:教学内容、竞赛心理、教学设备、“工匠精神”培育、教师教学能力。针对职业院校技能大赛集训教学存在的对理论教学重视不够、对选手心理素质训练不当、教学设备数量不足或不实用、“工匠精神”培育被淡化或简单化、教师专业教学能力有待提高等问题,提出提升职业院校技能大赛集训教学质量的主要对策:查短板教重点,强化理论学习;加干扰限时间,创设拟赛环境;添开关设故障,改进教学设备;树榜样学规范,弘扬工匠精神;聘专家学技术,提高教学能力。

The training teaching before vocational skills competitions has a significant impact on the competition results.This study conducted a qualitative interview survey with the guiding teachers,participating students,and judges of the automotive technology competition in Shanghai,and used open coding to identify the main factors affecting the quality of training teaching in vocational skills competitions.The study found that the main reasons for the problems in training teaching in vocational skills competitions are:teaching contents,competitive psychology,teaching equipments,cultivation of"craftsman spirit"and teachers'teaching ability.In light of the problems of insufficient emphasis on theoretical teaching,inappropriate psychological training,insufficient or unpractical teaching equipment,weakened culivation of"crftsman spirit"and insuficient teaching ability of teachers in vocational skills competitions training teaching in vocational colleges,this study proposes the following main countermeasures:check the shortcomings,teach the key points,and strengthen the theoretical learning;add interference,limit time,and create a match environment;add switches,set faults,and improve teaching equipment;set examples,learn norms,and promote the spirit of artisans;hire experts,learn techniques,and improve teaching skills.