儿科住院患者痰培养病原菌分布及耐药分析

Distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in sputum culture of pediatric inpatients

目的分析某院儿科住院患者痰标本培养病原菌分布特点及耐药性。方法对某院2017年1月—2021年12月儿科住院患者痰标本病原菌培养结果及药敏结果进行回顾性分析,剔除同一患者重复标本。药物敏感性试验和结果判断标准按CLSI标准规定。结果10889例痰标本共检出病原菌738株,检出率为6.78%。其中,革兰阳性菌占74.39%,革兰阴性菌占24.93%,真菌占0.68%。革兰阳性菌以肺炎链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为主,革兰阴性菌以大肠埃希菌为主。肺炎链球菌对红霉素和克林霉素耐药率分别为97.87%和96.05%;金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素、红霉素和氨苄西林的耐药率分别为77.99%、61.01%和57.23%;大肠埃希菌对复方新诺明和氨苄西林耐药率分别为52.13%和41.49%。结论儿科痰标本培养病原菌主要以革兰阳性菌为主,临床应合理使用抗菌药物。

Objective To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in sputum cultures of pediatric inpatients in a hospital from 2017 to 2021.Methods The pathogenic bacteria culture and drug sensitivity results of sputum samples of pediatric inpatients in the hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Duplicate samples of the same patient were excluded.Drug sensitivity test and result judgment were accorded with CLSI standard.Results A total of 738 pathogenic bacteria were detected in 10889 sputum samples,and the detection rate was 6.78%.Among them,G+bacteria was of 74.39%.G-bacteria was of 24.93%and fungi was of 0.68%.G+bacteria were mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus.G-bacteria were mainly Escherichia coli.The resistance rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae to erythromycin and clindamycin were 97.87%and 96.05%,respectively.The resistance rates of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin,erythromycin and ampicillin were 77.99%,61.01%and 57.23%respectively.The resistance rates of Escherichia coli to compound sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin were 52.13%and 41.49%respectively.Conclusion G+bacteria are the main pathogens cultured in sputum samples.Antibiotics should be used reasonably.