可持续发展目标导向下乡村发展战略传导与政策制定——以欧盟国家为例

Rural Strategy Transferring and Policy Making Towards Sustainable Development Goals:Taking the European Countries as Examples

乡村发展对实现可持续发展目标(SDGs)至关重要。然而现有研究对乡村可持续发展相关的目标传导、框架运用和经验借鉴缺乏体系化阐述;全球乡村的多样性和复杂性亦使得在地实践难以形成科学的、可比较的方法论。本文借助SDGs这一全球性的战略框架,系统分析“跨国家—国家—地方”多尺度的目标传导。首先,从乡村可持续发展的国际热点出发,着重介绍2015年联合国发布SDGs后,欧盟在《欧洲绿色协议》新政和《共同农业政策》改革中进行的乡村相关的目标沿承和战略部署。其次,以荷兰与德国的国家可持续发展战略为切入点,重点梳理荷兰乡村为响应“可持续粮食和农业战略”与“环境综合愿景”以及德国乡村为响应“平等发展原则”与“绿色能源转型”所制定的核心政策。再次,通过深入分析荷、德两国的乡村典型案例,展现以主题式乡村规划、近域型循环农业、一体化跨域治理以及本土化品牌营造等方式,践行全球SDGs和上位发展战略的乡村在地创新实践。最后,结合我国实际情况,对国家、地方层面如何利用乡村可持续发展理念、借鉴国际前沿规划方法和治理手段提出政策建议。

Rural development is crucial for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).However,existing research lacks a systematic exposition on how SDGs are integrated into rural sustainable development targets,frameworks,and experiences.The diversity and complexity of global rural areas further hinder the formation of scientific and comparable methodologies for local practices.This paper utilizes the SDGs as a global strategic framework to analyze the multilevel transmission of goals across international,national,and local scales.Firstly,it highlights how the EU’s“European Green Deal”and reforms in the“Common Agricultural Policy”align with rural-related objectives post the 2015 SDGs.Secondly,it examines the national sustainable development strategies of the Netherlands and Germany,focusing on key policies in Dutch rural areas in response to“sustainable food and agriculture strategies”and an“integrated environmental vision”,as well as core policies in German rural areas in response to“principles of equitable development”and“green energy transformation”.Thirdly,by delving into rural case studies from these countries,the paper showcases innovative local practices aligning with global SDGs and overarching development strategies.These include“theme-based planning guidance”,“peri-urban circular agriculture”,“integrated cross-boundary governance”and“localized branding”.Finally,drawing on China’s context,the paper proposes policy implications for national and local levels on leveraging rural sustainable development concepts and adopting international planning methods and governance tools.