空间权与“空间经济”视角下纽约中央车站地区的百年更新

Centennial Renewal of New York Grand Central Station Area from the Perspective of Air Rights Development and Spatial Economy

轨道交通站点地区的高可达性优势带来了高土地需求市场,站域地区的三维立体化高密度开发也促使有关土地利用的“空间经济学”的发展,而空间权制度作为一种规划管控工具,成为这种发展需求下的调节器。本文聚焦存量更新和“站城协同”发展背景下,轨道交通站点地区立体化高密度发展问题,以纽约中央车站地区的百年更新为例,解析空间发展权立体化开发、地标转移计划、特区转移计划、交通促进奖励等一系列空间权技术在城市站域空间发展中的作用机制,并提出空间权制度的变迁是逐步释放空间经济利益的过程,以期为我国城市中心铁路车站地区建立长远的以空间价值导引的“站城协同”发展机制提供借鉴。

The advantage of high accessibility in rail transit station area has resulted in the high demand in land market,and the three-dimensional highdensity development of station area has also promoted the development of“spatial economics”in terms of land use,at the same time,the planning control tool of Air Rights has become a regulator under this development demand.This paper focuses on stock renewal and station-city collaboration development,taking Grand Central Station Area redevelopment project in New York City as case study to illustrate its long-term renewal process over one hundred of year,and explain how air rights zoning regulations of threedimensional Air Rights Development,Landmark Transfer,Special District Transfer and Transit Improvement Bonus are applied and changed over the years,and concludes that the change of air rights policies is the process to increase and release the spatial value of terminal area,hoping this will provide a reference for the spatial value oriented long-term“station-city collaboration”development mechanism in railway station area in urban centers in China.