基于扎根理论的基层疾病预防控制人员职业倦怠发生机制探析

Analysis on the formation mechanism of job burnout among primary disease control and prevention staff based on grounded theory

目的探讨基层疾病预防控制人员职业倦怠的发生机制,对加强和改善疾病预防控制工作提供相关支撑。方法2023年7月17日至20日,选取深圳市宝安区疾病预防控制中心、公共卫生服务中心、3家公共卫生服务街道分中心、1家社区医院、1家社区健康服务中心、1家社区健康服务站作为访谈单位,以目的抽样法在访谈单位中选取20名基层疾病预防控制人员进行半结构化访谈,利用Nvivo11质性分析软件对访谈资料进行处理,通过扎根理论三级编码提炼相关概念和范畴。结果梳理出初始概念32个、范畴15个、主范畴7个,构建了包含管理机制、工作维度、个人维度、体系建设和社会地位5个核心类属在内的基层疾病预防控制人员职业倦怠发生机制模型。结论管理机制、工作维度、体系建设和社会地位直接或间接对个人维度产生影响,引起职业倦怠的综合反应。应稳步推进疾病预防控制体系建设向纵深发展,健全疾病预防控制管理机制,加强对疾病预防控制工作的宣传普及,以缓解基层疾病预防控制机构人员职业倦怠,促进其职业健康。

Objective To explore the formation mechanism of job burnout in primary disease control and prevention staff,and to provide relevant support for enhancement and improvement of the disease control and prevention work.Methods From July 17 to 20,2023,the Baoan Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shenzhen,Public Health Service Center,three sub-district public health service centers,one community hospital,one community health service center,and one community health service station were chosen as interview units.A purposive sampling method was employed to select twenty primary disease control and prevention staff from these interview units for semi-structured interviews.The interviews information were processed in Nvivo11 qualitative analysis software,and relevant concepts and categories were extracted with three-level coding of grounded theory.Results A total of 32 initial concepts,15 categories,and 7 main categories were extracted,and a mechanism model of job burnout of primary disease control and prevention staff was constructed,which included 5 core categories,i.e.the management mechanism,work dimension,personal dimension,system construction,and social status.Conclusion Management mechanism,work dimension,system construction,and social status directly or indirectly affect the personal dimension,leading to the comprehensive response of job burnout.Efforts should be made to steadily advance the development of the disease control system,enhance the disease control and prevention management mechanism,and strengthen the publicity and popularization of disease control and prevention work in order to alleviate the job burnout of primary disease control and prevention staff,and promote their occupational health.