老年2型糖尿病患者自我感知老化的潜在剖面及影响因素

Latent profile analysis and influencing factors of self perceived aging in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

目的:探究老年2型糖尿病患者自我感知老化的潜在剖面及其影响因素。方法:采用基本人口学特征调查表、健康状况调查表、老年抑郁评定量表、一般疏离感量表及简版自我感知老化量表对某医院就诊及住院的337例老年2型糖尿病患者进行调查,运用潜在剖面分析探究其自我感知老化的类别及特征,并通过单因素分析和多项式logistic回归分析不同类别的影响因素。结果:老年2型糖尿病患者自我感知老化可被分为“高自我感知老化组”(35.90%)、“积极结果突出组”(14.48%)以及“低自我感知老化组”(49.26%)3个潜在剖面。多项式logistic回归分析显示,婚姻状况(OR=0.136,95%CI:0.070~0.262)、有无子女(OR=0.266,95%CI:0.116~0.611)、自评健康状况为非常好/比较好(OR=0.289,95%CI:0.123~0.681)、糖尿病合并症(OR=0.378,95%CI:0.196~0.731)、抑郁症状(OR=0.512,95%CI:0.273~0.960)、社会疏离感(OR=1.065,95%CI:1.039~1.092)是高自我感知老化组的影响因素;年龄(OR=0.253,95%CI:0.118~0.545)、婚姻状况(OR=0.397,95%CI:0.187~0.845)、自评健康状况为非常好/比较好(OR=0.215,95%CI:0.066~0.699)、糖尿病合并症(OR=0.331,95%CI:0.151~0.722)、合并慢性病数(OR=0.243,95%CI:0.083~0.710)、社会疏离感(OR=1.037,95%CI:1.008~1.067)是积极结果突出组的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:老年2型糖尿病患者自我感知老化存在3种潜在剖面,且高自我感知老化组受婚姻状况、有无子女、自评健康状况、糖尿病合并症、抑郁症状、社会疏离感影响,积极结果突出组受年龄、婚姻状况、自评健康状况、糖尿病合并症、合并慢性病数、社会疏离感影响。未来应根据不同剖面的老年2型糖尿病患者的特征和影响因素制定针对性的干预措施,以改善患者自我感知老化水平,促进患者生命质量和健康状况的不断提高。

Objective:To investigate the potential categories and influencing factors of self perceived aging in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:A total of 337 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were hospitalized in Zhengzhou People's Hospital hospitals in Zhenzhou were surveyed by the General Information questionnaire,the Health Status questionnaire,the geriatric depression scale-5,the General Alienation Scale and the Brief Ageing Perceptions Questionnaire,The latent profile analysis was used to identify the latent class of their self perceived aging the univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to explore the influencing factors of self perceived aging of patients.Results:The self perceived aging of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes could be divided into three potential categories:high self-perceived aging group(35.90%),positive outcome prominent group(14.48%)and low self-perceived aging group(49.26%).Polynomial logistic regression analysis showed that marital status(OR=0.136,95%CI:0.070~0.262),having or not having children(OR=0.266,95%CI:0.116~0.611),self-rated health status were very good/relatively good(OR=0.289,95%CI:0.123~0.681),diabetes complications(OR=0.378,95%CI:0.196~0.731),depressive symptoms(OR=0.512,95%CI:0.273~0.960),social alienationwere predictive factors of high self-perceived aging group;Age(OR=0.253,95%CI:0.118~0.545),marital status(OR=0.397,95%CI:0.187~0.845),self-rated health status as very good/relatively good(OR=0.215,95%CI:0.066~0.699),diabetes complications(OR=0.331,95%CI:0.151~0.722),the number of chronic diseases(OR=0.243,95%CI:0.083~0.710),and social alienation(OR=1.037,95%CI:1.008~1.067)were the predictive factors of the positive outcome prominent group(P<0.05).Conclusion:There are three potential categories of self perceived aging in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.The high self-perceived aging group is influenced by marital status,having or not having children,self-rated health status,diabetic complications,depressive symptoms and social alienation.The positive outcome prominent group is influenced by age,marital status,self-rated health status,diabetic complications,number of chronic diseases and social alienation.In the future,targeted intervention measures should be formulated according to the characteristics and influencing factors of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes in different categories,so as to improve the self perceived aging level of patients and promote the continuous improvement of the quality of life and health status of patients.