基于多体动力学的五轴机床空间误差建模方法研究

Research on Spatial Error Modeling Method of Five-axis Machine Tool Based on Multibody Dynamics

在五轴数控机床加工过程中,由于机床本身在生产、装配、运动控制的迟滞或不准确,刀具及机床关键零件的热变形等综合因素,使实际加工会偏离理论给定进程,导致加工误差。文中主要采用多体动力学理论,构建一个包含机床直线轴几何误差、机床旋转轴几何误差、工件位置误差、刀具几何误差及热误差在内的综合误差模型。该误差建模可以为后续五轴数控机床空间误差补偿研究提供一定的帮助。

In the processing process of five-axis CNC machine tools,the actual processing will deviate from the given theoretical process due to the lag or inaccuracy of the machine tool itself in production,assembly,motion control,thermal deformation of tools and key parts of the machine tool,etc.,this deviation results in processing errors.This paper mainly adopts the multibody dynamics theory to construct a comprehensive error model including the geometric error of the linear axis of the machine tool,the geometric error of the rotation axis of the machine tool,the position error of the workpiece,the geometric error of the tool and the thermal error.The error modeling introduced in this paper can provide some help for the subsequent research on spatial error compensation of five-axis CNC machine tools.