日粮添加发酵高粱对奶牛生长性能、泌乳性能及经济效益的影响

Effects of dietary supplemented with fermented sorghum on growth performance,lactation performance and economic benefit of dairy cows

文章旨在探究日粮添加发酵高粱对奶牛生长性能、泌乳性能及经济效益的影响。试验将80头胎次(3.2±0.6)、泌乳性能和体重[(610±48.73)kg]相近的荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复4头,试验日粮分别使用0%、6%、12%和18%的发酵高粱替代基础日粮中的全株青贮玉米。试验为期8周。结果表明:在对干物质采食量无显著影响的前提下(P>0.05),使用18%的发酵高粱替代全株玉米青贮组奶牛产奶量较其他组分别显著降低4.35%、3.95%和3.67%(P<0.05);乳蛋白率分别显著降低8.75%、9.80%和10.06%(P<0.05);此外,发酵高粱对牛乳总固形物含量、乳脂率、乳糖率和4%FCM均无显著影响(P>0.05)。18%的发酵高粱组牛乳的天冬氨酸、赖氨酸和组氨酸含量显著降低(P<0.05);12%和18%的发酵高粱组牛乳中精氨酸、苯丙氨酸含量显著降低(P<0.05);6%~18%发酵高粱组牛乳中缬氨酸和酪氨酸含量显著降低(P<0.05)。本试验所有牛乳按照市场价4.17元/kg售出,随着发酵高粱添加量提高,各组日粮价格分别为2.81、2.77、2.73和2.69元/kg;因此,综合计算各组毛利润分别为3164.34、3152.07、3204.26和3007.87元。总之,18%的发酵高粱组奶牛生产性能和奶品质最差,毛利润最低,以12%的添加量效果最佳。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented sorghum supplementation on growth performance,lactation performance and economic benefits of dairy cows.Eighty Holstein dairy cows with similar parity(3.2±0.6),lactation performance and body weight(610±48.73)kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 1 group for every 5 replicates and 1 replicate for every 4 cows.Whole silage corn in the basal diet was replaced by 0%,6%,12%and 18%fermented sorghum,respectively.The experiment lasted for 8 weeks.The results showed as follows:under the premise of no significant effect on ADMI(P>0.05),the milk yield of cows in the whole corn silage group replaced by 18%fermented sorghum was significantly decreased by 4.35%,3.95%and 3.67%compared with the other groups,respectively(P<0.05).The milk protein rate was significantly decreased by 8.75%,9.80%and 10.06%(P<0.05),respectively.In addition,fermented sorghum had no significant effects on milk total solid content,milk fat percentage,lactose percentage and 4%FCM(P>0.05).The contents of aspartic acid,lysine and histidine in milk of 18%fermented sorghum group were significantly decreased(P<0.05);The contents of arginine and phenylalanine in milk of 12%and 18%fermented sorghum groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05);The contents of valine and tyrosine in milk of 6%to 18%fermented sorghum group were significantly decreased(P<0.05).In this experiment,all the milk was sold according to the market price of 4.17 yuan/kg,and with the increase of fermented sorghum supplemental level,the dietary prices were 2.81,2.77,2.73 and 2.69 yuan/kg,respectively.Therefore,the gross profit of each group is 3164.34,3152.07,3204.26 and 3007.87 yuan,respectively.In conclusion,the 18%fermented sorghum group had the worst performance and milk quality,the lowest gross profit,and the best feeding effect at 12%.