新时代大学生生育价值观现状及教育路径探究——基于两次调查数据的分析

Current Situation of College Students'Values of Bearing and Rearing Children and Educational Path in the New Era——An Analysis of Data Based on Two Rounds of Questionnaire Survey

人口问题是“国之大者”,生育价值观是未来人口走向的风向标和晴雨表。基于两次横断面调查,从生育价值认知、生育价值判断和生育价值选择三个方面了解新时代大学生生育价值观现状。通过调查发现大学生对生育价值观内容的认知基本正确,但与主流倡导仍有一定差距;个体特征是影响生育价值观的主要因素,国家政策对其影响甚微。大学生生育价值取向多元,“优生优育”“子女性别平等”等价值观深入人心,“晚婚晚育”“不婚不育”占据较高比例,大学生对生育价值的评价稍显消极。调查还发现,大学生生育意愿低下,平均计划生育子女数仅为1.37,且呈下降趋势,有三孩生育意向的大学生占比不到10%。新时代加强大学生生育价值观教育,要明确男女平等、优生优育、适龄生育、积极生育、尊重生育价值等教育内容,要丰富教育方法,夯实课程载体、强化活动载体,构建生育友好型社会环境、建设积极有利的校园环境、营造温馨有爱的家庭环境。积极引导新时代大学生树立科学、正确的生育价值观,为强国建设和民族复兴注入源源不断的人才动力。

The population problem is“the major and important affair of the country”.The values of bearing and rearing children are the vane and barometer of the future population trend.Based on the two cross-sectional surveys,the author finds out about the current situation of college students'values of bearing and rearing children in the new era from the three aspects of value cognition,value judgment and value selection of bearing and rearing children.Through the investigation,the author finds that college students have a correct cognition of the values of bearing and rearing children.But there is still a gap with the mainstream advocacy.The individual characteristics are the main factors affecting the values of bearing and rearing children while the national policy has little influence on them.The value orientation of college students is diversified,and the values such as“bearing and rearing better children”and“gender equality for children”are deeply rooted in their hearts.“Late marriage and late childbearing”and“unmarried state and sterility”occupy a high proportion,and their evaluation of the value of bearing and rearing children is slightly negative.The author also finds that college students have a low desire to have children,the average number of children in their family planning is only 1.37,and the average number shows a downward trend for college students with the intention to have three children account for less than 10%.In the new era we should strengthen the education for college students'values of bearing and rearing children,clarify the educational contents such as gender equality,bearing and rearing better children,childbearing of the right age,active childbearing,and respecting the value of childbearing,enrich the educational methods,consolidate the curriculum carrier and strengthen the activity carrier,build friendly social environment for bearing and rearing children,build a positive and favorable campus environment and create a warm and loving family environment.Furthermore,we should actively guide college students in the new era to establish scientific and correct values of bearing and rearing children so as to inject a steady stream of talent impetuses into the construction of a strong country and national rejuvenation.