母乳菌群及其对婴儿健康影响的研究进展

Research progress on breast milk microbiota and its effect on infants

文章概述了母乳菌群的主要构成、来源、受影响因素以及对后代菌群和疾病的影响。母乳中除含有丰富的营养物质外,还含有独特的微生物群。已在母乳中检测出上百种细菌物种,包括共生菌、益生菌以及潜在的有益菌。目前母乳菌群的来源还不确定,可能来源于乳腺、母亲皮肤、婴儿口腔或母亲肠道菌群的转移。另外,母乳菌群受到多种内在和外在因素的影响,在组成上具有个体差异性。母乳喂养可为婴儿垂直传递有益菌,促进婴儿健康的肠道菌群形成、增强免疫系统发育,降低生命早期或成长后期相关疾病发生风险,为母乳菌群研究与应用提供理论支持。

This paper outlines the main components of breast milk flora,their sources,the factors involved,and their impact on the flora and diseases of future generations.In addition to being rich in nutrients,breast milk contains a unique microbiota.Hundreds of bacterial species have been identified in breast milk,including commensal,probiotic,and potentially beneficial bacteria.The source of breast milk flora is currently uncertain and may originate from the mammary gland,the mother's skin,the infant's mouth,or the transfer of the mother's intestinal flora.In addition,breast milk flora is influenced by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors and has individual variability in composition.Breast milk vertically transmits beneficial bacteria to infants through breastfeeding,which promotes the formation of healthy intestinal flora,enhances the development of the immune system,and thus reduces the risk of diseases associated with early life or late growth.milk flora and provide a more theoretical support for research and application of breast milk flora.