辐射型跨学科组织的结构和运行:基于麻省理工学院苏世民计算学院的案例分析

Structure and Operation of Radiant Interdisciplinary Organizations:A Case Analysis Based on the MIT Schwarzman College of Computing

麻省理工学院苏世民计算学院的学科管理方式和组织运行机制代表了当前大学一种新型辐射式跨学科组织模式。苏世民计算学院作为交叉共享的组织载体,处于学科系统的中心位置,辐射其余5个学院,推动计算机科学和人工智能领域与其他学科的协作教育、研究和创新。探析该学院的知识生产、行动者参与及组织建构,发现该组织知识生产秉持整合现有项目、开发跨领域新项目的发展理念;参与主体以教师双聘、学生联培的资源共享模式为特点;组织建构以辐射、贯通为原则,并与其他组织单元形成多个合作点。该结构提高了学院对外界需求的响应性和灵活性,促进了学科交叉与融合,为我国高校创新学科组织形式、加强跨学科组织建设和管理提供了思考方向。

The discipline management method and organizational operation mechanism of the MIT Schwarzman College of Computing represent a new type of radiation interdisciplinary organization mode in current universities.As an organizational carrier for inter-sharing,the Schwarzman College of Computing is at the center of the MIT discipline system,radiating the other five schools to promote collaborative education,research and innovation in the fields of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence and other disciplines.By analyzing the elements of knowledge production,actor participation and organizational construction of Schwarzman College of Computing,it is found that the knowledge production of the organization adheres to the development concept of integrating existing projects and developing new interdisciplinary fields projects.The main participants are characterized by the resource sharing mode of dual employment of teachers and joint training of students.Based on the principle of radiation and penetration,the organizational construction forms multiple cooperation points with other organizational units at the same time.This organizational structure improves the college's responsiveness and flexibility to external needs,promotes the intersection and integration of disciplines,and gives a thinking direction for Chinese universities to innovate the organizational form of disciplines and strengthen the construction and management of interdisciplinary organizations.