证据方法视阈下大数据证据诉讼应用及正当程序保障

Application and Due Process Protection of Big Data Evidence Litigation from the Perspective of Evidence Method

证据方法的作用在于通过从客观上揭示证据内含的信息内容,联接证据与刑事证明。大数据证据表现出独特的建构性与质素多样性特征,使得现有证据的证据方法无所适从,需要依托融合性证据方法为其诉讼应用提供可操作性指引。而在刑事诉讼中运用融合性证据方法,可能对现有诉讼构造构成挑战。对此,可以从证据方法的工具与程序二维属性出发,建构正当程序保障:在工具属性维度,发挥法官庭外调查的能动、兜底性作用;在程序属性维度,构造“对等”性权利保障,弱化微观权力。

The function of evidence method is to link evidence and criminal proof by objectively revealing the information content contained in evidence.Big data evidence shows unique characteristics of construction and quality diversity,which makes the existing evidence methods at a loss,and it is necessary to rely on the fusion evidence method to provide operational guidance for its litigation application.However,the application of fusion evidence in criminal proceedings may pose a challenge to the existing litigation structure.In this regard,due process protection can be constructed from the two-dimensional attributes of tools and procedures of evidential methods:In the dimension of tool attributes,the role of the judge’s out-of-court investigation can be played.In the dimension of program attribute,we construct“equal”rights protection and weaken micro-power.