2型糖尿病风险评估的研究进展

Research progress in type 2 diabetes mellitus risk assessment

当前全球2型糖尿病(T2DM)的患者日益增多,现已成为继心血管疾病和肿瘤之后的第三大慢性非传染性疾病。T2DM会导致患者肝肾、眼、心血管等多器官并发症,对患者的健康威胁巨大,同时也加重了许多国家和地区的医疗及财政负担。T2DM病因复杂,受种族、遗传、肥胖、生活方式、年龄、血脂异常等多种危险因素影响,识别T2DM的危险因素,并对T2DM进行风险评估,能够帮助临床医生筛选出尚未发病但具有潜在高疾病风险的人群,并根据相应情况,进行有针对性的干预措施,减少发病率。近年来,通过对T2DM流行病学和病理生理的深入研究,人们对T2DM病因产生了更加深刻的了解。基于流行病学调查的多种风险评估模型,以及各类生物标志物的研发应用,在T2DM风险评估中取得了显著进展。本文通过回顾关于T2DM风险评估的相关文献,总结了T2DM的相关危险因素,并综述了其风险评估的研究进展。同时,展望了未来的发展方向,为临床实践和公共卫生政策的制定提供了参考。

The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is rapidly increasing,making it the third major chronic non-communicable disease after cardiovascular diseases and cancer.T2DM leads to a variety of complications affecting multiple organs such as the liver,kidneys,eyes,and cardiovascular system,posing a significant threat to patients'health and imposing substantial healthcare and financial burdens on many countries and regions.The etiology of T2DM is complex,influenced by various risk factors including race,genetics,obesity,lifestyle,age,and dyslipidemia.Identifying these risk factors and conducting risk assessments for T2DM can help clinicians screen individuals who have not yet developed the disease but are at high risk,allowing for targeted interventions to reduce the incidence rate.In recent years,through in-depth studies of T2DM epidemiology and pathophysiology,a deeper understanding of the causes of T2DM has been achieved.Significant progress has been made in T2DM risk assessment through the development and application of various epidemiology-based risk assessment models and biological markers.This paper reviews the literature on T2DM risk assessment,summarizing the associated risk factors and the progress in research on risk evaluation.Additionally,it provides insights into future directions and offers references for clinical practice and public health policy formulation.