肺癌早期筛查研究进展

Research progress of early screening for lung cancer

目前,恶性肿瘤是威胁全球居民健康的主要疾病之一,肺癌是全球范围发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤。2022年中国恶性肿瘤流行病学数据与往年流行数据比较发现,恶性肿瘤新发病例数、死亡病例数、中国人口年龄标准化发病率(简称中标发病率)均持续增加,肺癌也是我国恶性肿瘤发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤。从国际及国内数据来看,虽然肺癌的新发病例数、死亡病例数、中标发病率持续增加,但恶性肿瘤的中标死亡率和肺癌的中标死亡率均有所下降。本文对目前肺癌流行状况、肺癌早筛起始年龄情况、肺癌早筛手段等进行归纳总结,建议普通人群在较早的年龄开始肺癌筛查有利于发现可达到治愈的早期肺癌,改善预后,降低死亡率。筛查的方式主要以低剂量螺旋计算机断层扫描(LDCT)为主,辅以生物标志物检测等手段。

Currently,malignant tumors are one of the major diseases threatening the health of people worldwide,with lung cancer being the malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality rates globally.Comparing the epidemiological data of malignant tumors in China in 2022 with previous study,it was found that the number of new cases,deaths,and age-standardized incidence rates of malignant tumors in China continued to increase.Lung cancer is also the malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality rates in China.According to international and domestic data,although the number of new cases,deaths,and age-standardized incidence rates of lung cancer increased,the age-standardized mortality rates of both malignant tumors and lung cancer have declined.We summarized the current epidemiology,age of early screening,and the methods of early screening for lung cancer.Furthermore,we recommended that the general population start lung cancer screening at an earlier age,which is conducive to discover earlystage lung cancer that can be cured,improving the prognosis of lung cancer.Early screening is mainly done through Low-dose spiral computed tomography(LDCT),supplemented by biomarkers and other means.