转炉钒渣综合利用研究进展

Research Progress on Comprehensive Utilization ofConverter Vanadium Slag

转炉钒渣是一种含钒、钛、铬的多金属矿产资源,可利用价值非常高。本文综述了钒渣传统提钒工艺和新工艺的原理、工艺流程和工艺特点,并展望了钒渣综合利用的发展方向。传统钒渣提钒工艺为钠化焙烧-水浸工艺和钙化焙烧-酸浸工艺,后续陆续开发了无盐焙烧-酸浸工艺、镁盐焙烧-酸浸工艺、锰盐焙烧-酸浸工艺等改进工艺。这些传统工艺的特点为:钒渣先经过高温氧化焙烧后,再通过水浸或酸浸提钒。亚熔盐法和硫酸氧压浸出法等新工艺的特点则是钒渣无需氧化焙烧,在一定的氧气压力作用下直接通过酸浸或碱浸提钒。通过构建合理高效的酸浸或碱浸冶金物理化学新体系,采用湿法浸出工艺直接提取钒渣中的钒、钛和铬并综合回收铁、锰等有价元素,将是钒渣综合利用的发展方向。

Converter vanadium slag is a kind of multi-metal mineral resource containing vanadium,titanium and chromium,and its available value is very high.In this paper,the principle,process flow and process characteristics of traditional vanadium extraction process and new process of vanadium slag were reviewed,and the development direction of comprehensive utilization of vanadium slag was prospected.The traditional vanadium extraction process from vanadium slag are sodium roasting-water leaching process and calcification roasting-acid leaching process.Subsequently,salt-free roasting-acid leaching process,magnesium salt roasting-acid leaching process,manganese salt roasting-acid leaching process and other improved processes were successively developed.The characteristics of these processes are as follows:vanadium slag is first subjected to high temperature oxidation roasting,and then vanadium is extracted by water leaching or acid leaching.The characteristics of new processes such as sub-molten salt method and sulfuric acid oxygen pressure leaching method are that vanadium slag does not need oxidation roasting,and vanadium is directly extracted by acid leaching or alkali leaching under a certain oxygen pressure.By constructing a reasonable and efficient new physical and chemical system of acid leaching or alkali leaching metallurgy,the direct extraction of vanadium,titanium and chromium from vanadium slag by wet leaching process and the comprehensive recovery of valuable elements such as iron and manganese will be the development trend of comprehensive utilization of vanadium slag.