黄河流域水资源配置研究与展望

Research and Prospect of Water Resources Allocation in the Yellow River Basin

黄河流域水资源合理利用和优化配置问题受到社会广泛关注。从20世纪80年代开始,相继开展了黄河“八七”分水方案制定和水量统一调度、新径流条件下分水方案调整、支流水量分配方案制定,以及变化环境下分水方案优化等一系列持续性研究,研究成果提升了黄河流域水资源优化调控和节约集约利用水平,实现黄河干流连续25 a不断流。面向黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大国家战略的推进,从流域水循环和水资源演变、用水规律与需水预测、健康水平衡、流域地表水-地下水统一配置、多层级水网构建情况下水资源优化配置、应对极端枯水的水资源韧性调配、数字孪生黄河建设等方面,提出了适应环境变化和国家多层级水网构建下的黄河流域水资源研究和突破方向。

The issue of rational use and optimal allocation of water resources in the Yellow River Basin has received widespread attention from society.Since the 1980s,a series of ongoing studies have been carried out on the formulation of the“87”water allocation scheme and unified water dispatching of the Yellow River,the adjustment of the water diversion scheme under the new runoff conditions,the formulation of water allocation scheme for tributaries and the optimization of water diversion scheme under the changing environments,etc.The research results have improved the optimal regulation and intensive and economical use of water resources in the Yellow River Basin,and realized the contin⁃uous flow of the main stream of the Yellow River for 25 years.Facing the promotion of ecological protection and high⁃quality development of the Yellow River Basin,the research and breakthrough direction of the basin water resources research and breakthroughs under the environ⁃mental change and the construction of national multi⁃level water network was proposed from the aspects of basin water cycle and water re⁃sources evolution,water use patterns and water demand prediction,healthy water balance,unified allocation of surface and groundwater in the basin,optimal allocation of water resources under the construction of multi⁃level water network,resilient water resources allocation under the coping with the extreme drying,and the construction of the digital twin Yellow River.