晋东南地区冬小麦作物需水量特征研究

Study on the Characteristics of Irrigation Requirement of Winter Wheat in Southeast Shanxi Province Areas

为合理利用黄河流域的水资源,进一步优化晋东南地区冬小麦作物的灌溉制度,利用阳城县1960—2019年气象资料,分析了冬小麦各生育阶段需水量和降水量年际变化,以及典型灌溉年份(25%、50%、75%、95%保证率)两者的耦合性,计算了当地冬小麦的灌溉用水量。结果表明:近60 a来,晋东南地区冬小麦全生育期需水量气候倾向率为0.593 mm/(10 a),需水量多年均值为586.09 mm;降水量气候倾向率为9.827 mm/(10 a),降水量多年均值为213.66 mm;冬小麦在拔节—抽穗期需水量气候倾向率最大。4种典型灌溉年份(25%、50%、75%、95%保证率)下,冬小麦全生育期降水与需水的耦合度依次为0.43、0.33、0.28、0.18,自然降水均无法满足冬小麦生长对水分的需求,需补充灌溉水量依次为261.74、427.45、554.34、674.66 mm。其中,除保证率25%外抽穗—灌浆期需补充灌溉水量占比最大,应分别补充灌溉水量为116.87、142.55、171.54 mm。

In order to optimize the allocation of water resources in the Yellow River Basin and the irrigation regime for winter wheat crops in southeast Shanxi Province areas,based on the meteorological data from 1960 to 2019 in Yangcheng County,the annual changes of water re⁃quirement and rainfall at different growth stages of winter wheat were analyzed and calculated.In the typical irrigation year(25%,50%,75%and 95%),the coupling analysis of the water requirement and rainfall was carried out,and the irrigation water consumption of the win⁃ter wheat was calculated.The results show that in the past 60 years,the climate tendency rate of winter wheat water requirement increases with the change of 0.593 mm/(10 a),and the annual average water requirement is 586.09 mm in southeast Shanxi Province areas.The cli⁃matic tendency rate of rainfall increases by 9.827 mm/(10 a),and the annual average value of rainfall is 213.66 mm.The climatic tendency rate of water requirement of winter wheat is the highest at jointing⁃heading stage.Under four typical irrigation years(25%,50%,75%and 95%),the coupling degree of rainfall and water demand in the whole growth period of winter wheat is 0.43,0.33,0.28 and 0.18 respective⁃ly.Natural rainfall cannot meet the water requirement of winter wheat growth.The amount of supplementary irrigation water is 261.74 mm,427.45 mm,554.34 mm and 674.66 mm respectively.Except typical irrigation years of 25%,the amount of supplementary irrigation water is the largest at heading to filling period.The supplementary irrigation water should be 116.87 mm,142.55 mm and 171.54 mm respectively.