梨杂交后代果实主要性状遗传倾向的初步研究

A preliminary study on genetic tendency of main fruit traitsof pear crossbred offspring

【目的】探究不同梨杂交组合F_(1)代果实主要性状的遗传倾向,为梨新品种的选育和杂交亲本选择提供理论依据。【方法】以玉露香梨×晋蜜梨、库尔勒香梨×晋蜜梨和库尔勒香梨×黄冠梨杂交群体为试材,测定成熟期果实单果质量、果柄粗度和长度、果实纵径和横径、果心横径、可溶性固形物含量、果实硬度和果皮色泽等性状,计算其果形指数和果心大小,并分析3个杂交组合上述数量性状的相关性,对其F_(1)代果实主要性状进行遗传倾向分析。【结果】玉露香梨×晋蜜梨、库尔勒香梨×晋蜜梨和库尔勒香梨×黄冠梨3个杂交组合F_(1)代单果质量均值分别为293.69,136.02和153.85 g,变异程度均较低,遗传传递力分别为129.29%,73.43%和61.65%,超高亲率分别为71.33%,1.96%和0.64%,超低亲率分别为23.33%,66.67%和48.72%;果柄粗度均值分别为0.26,0.26和0.27 cm,变异程度在玉露香梨×晋蜜梨杂交组合中较低,遗传传递力分别为104.00%,108.33%和84.36%,超高亲率分别为10.00%,41.18%和2.56%,超低亲率分别为0.67%,5.88%和57.05%;果柄长度均值分别为4.30,4.18和3.38 cm,变异程度均较低,遗传传递力分别为109.69%,106.63%和99.41%,超高亲率分别为64.67%,58.82%和37.18%,超低亲率分别为23.33%,29.41%和6.41%;果形指数均值分别为0.95,1.03和0.96,变异程度均较低,遗传传递力分别为105.56%,110.75%和104.35%,超高亲率分别为58.67%,64.71%和28.85%,超低亲率分别为8.67%,0.98%和5.13%;果心大小均值分别为0.34,0.36和0.39,变异程度均较低,遗传传递力分别为113.33%,94.74%和92.86%,超高亲率分别为50.67%,3.92%和4.49%,超低亲率分别为14.00%,12.75%和14.74%;可溶性固形物含量均值分别为12.90%,13.58%和12.79%,变异程度均较低,遗传传递力分别为94.16%,100.44%和95.31%,超高亲率分别为7.33%,18.63%和4.49%,超低亲率分别为34.00%,11.76%和30.13%;果实硬度均值分别为6.1,6.5和5.2 kg/cm^(2),变异程度均较低,遗传传递力分别为106.00%,115.25%和107.44%,超高亲率分别为50.67%,62.75%和50.00%,超低亲率分别为20.67%,0%和16.03%;3个杂交组合的果皮颜色总体上表现为黄绿色,在玉露香梨×晋蜜梨杂交组合中呈现出更偏黄的色泽。相关性分析表明,3个杂交组合中单果质量与果柄粗度、果实横径、果实纵径存在极显著正相关,与果心大小呈显著负相关;果柄粗度与果实横径呈极显著正相关;果实横径与果实纵径呈极显著正相关,与果形指数、果心大小呈极显著负相关;果实纵径与果形指数呈极显著正相关。【结论】在玉露香梨×晋蜜梨杂交组合中,单果质量、果柄长度、果形指数、果心大小、果实硬度为趋高亲遗传,果柄粗度、可溶性固形物含量表现为趋中遗传;在库尔勒香梨×晋蜜梨杂交组合中,果柄粗度、果柄长度、果形指数、果实硬度为高亲遗传,单果质量表现为趋低亲遗传,果心大小、可溶性固形物含量表现为趋中遗传;在库尔勒香梨×黄冠梨杂交组合中,果实硬度为趋高亲遗传,单果质量、果柄粗度表现为趋低亲遗传,果柄长度、果形指数、果心大小、可溶性固形物含量表现为趋中遗传。

【Objective】This study explored the genetic tendency of main traits of F_(1) generation fruits of different pear hybrid combinations to provide basis for breeding new pear varieties and selecting hybrid pa-rents.【Method】Based on hybrid populations of Yuluxiangli and Jinmili,Korla fragrant pear and Jinmili,Korla fragrant pear and Huangguanli,single fruit mass,stalk diameter and length,longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter,core diameter,soluble solid content,fruit hardness and peel color of mature fruits were measured.The fruit shape index and core size were calculated,the correlations between quantitative traits of the three hybrid combinations were estimated,and the genetic tendency of main traits of the F_(1) generation fruits was analyzed.【Result】The average single fruit masses of F_(1) hybrid combinations of Yuluxiangli and Jinmili,Korla fragrant pear and Jinmili and Korla fragrant pear and Huangguanli were 293.69,136.02 and 153.85 g,showing low variation degree.Their heritability was 129.29%,73.43%and 61.65%,their ultra-high affinity was 71.33%,1.96%and 0.64%,and their ultra-low affinity was 23.33%,66.67%and 48.72%,respectively.The mean fruit stalk thicknesses of the three F_(1) hybrids were 0.26,0.26 and 0.27 cm,respectively,and the variation degree was lower in the hybrid combination of Yuluxiangli and Jinmili.Their heritability was 104.00%,108.33%and 84.36%,high affinity was 10.00%,41.18%and 2.56%,and low affinity was 0.67%,5.88%and 57.05%,respectively.The average stem lengths were 4.30,4.18 and 3.38 cm with low variation degree,and the heritability was 109.69%,106.63%and 99.41%,respectively.The high affinity was 64.67%,58.82%and 37.18%,and low affinity was 23.33%,29.41%and 6.41%,respectively.The mean fruit shape indexes were 0.95,1.03 and 0.96,with low variation degree.The genetic transmission power was 105.56%,110.75%and 104.35%,the ultra-high affinity was 58.67%,64.71%and 28.85%,and the ultra-low affinity was 8.67%,0.98%and 5.13%,respectively.The mean fruit core size was 0.34,0.36 and 0.39,respectively,and the variation degree was relatively low,with genetic transmission power of 113.33%,94.74%and 92.86%,ultra-high a-ffinity of 50.67%,3.92%and 4.49%and ultra-low affinity of 14.00%,12.75%and 14.74%,respectively.The average soluble solid contents were 12.90%,13.58%and 12.79%and the variation degree was low,with heritability of 94.16%,100.44%and 95.31%,high affinity of 7.33%,18.63%and 4.49%and low affinity of 34.00%,11.76%and 30.13%,respectively.The fruit firmness values were 6.1,6.5 and 5.2 kg/cm^(2),with low variation degree.The genetic transmission power was 106.00%,115.25%and 107.44%,the ultra-high affinity was 50.67%,62.75%and 50.00%,and the ultra-low affinity was 20.67%,0%and 16.03%,respectively.The peel colors of the three hybrid combinations were generally yellow-green,and the hybrid combination of Yuluxiangli and Jinmili was more yellowish.Correlation analysis showed that single fruit mass was positively correlated with fruit stalk thickness,transverse diameter of fruit and longitudinal diameter of fruit,and negatively correlated with fruit core size in all hybrid combinations.There was significant positive correlation between fruit stalk thickness and transverse diameter of fruit.There was significant positive correlation between transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter of fruit,and significant negative correlation between fruit shape index and fruit core size.The longitudinal diameter of fruit was positively correlated with fruit shape index.【Conclusion】In the hybrid combination of Yuluxiangli and Jinmili,single fruit quality,stalk length,fruit shape index,fruit core size and fruit hardness showed high affinity,while stalk diameter and soluble solid content showed medium inheritance.In the hybrid combination of Korla fragrant pear and Jinmili,stalk diameter,stalk length,fruit shape index and fruit hardness were high genetic,single fruit quality was low genetic,and core size and soluble solid content were medium genetic.In the hybrid combination of Korla fragrant pear and Huangguanli,fruit hardness tended to be high,single fruit quality and stalk thickness tended to be low,and stalk length,fruit shape index,fruit core size and soluble solid content tended to be medium.