含铀废水的危害及其重要处理技术研究进展

Harm of uranium-containing wastewater and researchprogress of important processing technology

核能的快速发展产生了大量的低浓度含铀废水,水体中U(VI)对人体和生态环境均会造成危害。随着我国对环境保护的重视,研究与开发绿色、高效、成本低的水处理技术用于去除水中的U(VI)成为重点方向。本文综述了水中U(VI)的常用处理技术,包括化学沉淀法、蒸发浓缩法、离子交换法、膜处理法、萃取处理法、电化学法、光催化法、植物修复法和吸附法等,并分析了其存在的问题,以期为水中U(VI)的处理提供技术与理论指导。

The rapid development of nuclear energy has generated a large amount of low-concentration uranium-containing wastewater,and U(VI)in water will cause harm to human body and ecological environment.With the emphasis on environmental protection in China,research and development of green,low-cost,and efficient water treatment technologies for removing U(VI)in water has become a key direction.This study investigates and evaluates various prevalent U(VI)water treatment technologies,encompassing methods such as chemical precipitation,evaporation concentration,ion exchange,membrane filtration,extraction processes,electrochemical treatment,photocatalysis,phytoremediation,and adsorption.Through the detailed analysis and problem elucidation,this research aims to offer technical and theoretical insights for enhancing U(VI)treatment in water.