生态文明建设背景下国家湿地公园景观生态健康评价与趋势预测——以湖南汨罗江国家湿地公园为例

Evaluation of Landscape Ecological Health and Trend Prediction of National Wetland Parks in the Context of Ecological Civilization Construction:Take the Hunan Miluojiang National Wetland Park as an Example

科学评估国家湿地公园景观生态健康水平与演进趋势对促进国家湿地公园高质量发展具有理论意义与现实价值。以湖南汨罗江国家湿地公园建设前后的遥感解译数据为基础,从湿地环境、景观结构、综合功能层面构建评价体系,采用空间插值等方法分析其景观生态健康时空差异,并结合灰色预测模型预测未来一段时间该研究区的景观生态健康趋势。研究结果表明:(1)从景观格局来看,建设用地持续扩张,水域、林地、草地等景观逐渐减少,景观破碎化趋势虽有减缓但依然存在;(2)从景观生态健康水平来看,时序演变上总体处于亚健康状态,2013年下降尤为明显,2018年和2022年有所缓和;各子系统中湿地环境基本健康,但指数值逐年下降,景观格局日渐破碎,2018年有所缓解,社会经济指数增长显著。在空间分布上区域差异明显,研究期内中部偏南区域景观生态健康水平持续下降,东南部景观退化问题严重;(3)从景观生态健康演变趋势来看,未来一段时间内湖南汨罗江国家湿地公园景观生态健康水平虽有所回缓但基本处于亚健康状态。

Scientific evaluation of landscape ecological health level and evolution trend of national wetland parks has theoretical significance and practical value to promote the high-quality development of national wetland parks.Based on the remote sensing interpretation data before and after the construction of the Hunan Miluojiang National Wetland Park,an evaluation system was constructed from the level of wetland environment,landscape structure,and comprehensive function.Meanwhile,spatial and temporal differences in landscape ecological health were analyzed by using spatial interpolation and other methods,combined with the grey prediction model to predict the trend of landscape ecological health in the studied area in the future period.Results of the study show as follows.(1)From the viewpoint of landscape pattern,the construction land continues to expand,the landscape of water,woodland and grassland gradually decreases,and the trend of landscape fragmentation slows down but still exists.(2)From the viewpoint of the landscape ecological health level,the temporal evolution of the landscape is generally in a sub-healthy state,and the decline was particularly obvious in 2013,and moderated in 2018 and 2022,and the wetland environment in various subsystems is basically healthy.However,the index values decline year by year,and the landscape pattern becomes increasingly fragmented,which eased in 2018,but the socio-economic index grows significantly.Regional differences in the spatial distribution are obvious,the landscape ecological health level in the central-southern region continues to decline during the studied period,and the landscape degradation in the southeastern part of the country is a serious problem.(3)From the trend of landscape ecological health evolution,the landscape ecological health level of the Hunan Miluojiang National Wetland Park is basically in a sub-healthy state in the coming period of time,although it has slowed down.