西学还是印度文化为本?——甘地思想来源与根基再认识

From the West or India:A Revisit to the Issue of the Origin of Gandhi's Thought

关于甘地思想的来源问题在学界和广大社会一直缺乏共识,随着时间的推移争议更大。争议的焦点在于甘地思想的根基究竟是西方文化还是印度文化。甘地思想的形成过程主要发生在国外,受西方思想与文化影响很大。只不过,他将其用印度传统概念进行包装或命名,使之看起来很印度。然而,他对于印度传统文化的重新肯定,也是一个自我探索与发现的过程,离不开政治斗争与社会实践。在反对英国殖民统治的过程中,他发现了西方文化的缺陷并坚定了对印度文化的信念。他因此被视为印度传统文化的继承者和代言人,同时也成了西方文化的否定者和批判者。但是,他所说的印度传统是再建的,而非历史的真实。

There has been a lack of consensus on the origin of Gandhi's thought in both academic community and the public opinion worldwide,and the controversy has grown over time.The key point of contention is whether Gandhi's thought is rooted in Western culture or Indian culture.The formation process of Gandhi's thought mainly took place abroad and was greatly influenced by Western thought and culture.However,he packaged or named it with traditional Indian concepts to make it look quite Indian.However,his reaffirmation of Indian traditional culture is also a process of self-exploration and discovery,which is inseparable from political struggle and social practice.In the process of opposing British colonial rule,he discovered the flaws of Western culture and strengthened his belief in Indian culture.Therefore,he is regarded as the inheritor and spokesperson of traditional Indian culture,and a negator and criticizer of Western culture as well.However,his self-claimed Indian heritage is a reconstruction,not the historical reality.