诊断与异议:文学在福柯哲学中的批判作用

Diagnosis and Dissent:The Critical Role of Literature in Foucault's Philosophy

文学在福柯哲学中起到了诊断与提出异议的批判性作用。福柯通过《堂吉诃德》等体现了文学对知识型的诊断作用,并通过萨德等人的作品进一步展现了文学冲击理性话语秩序的异议能力,这两个方面共同形成了一种关于我们自身的历史本体论的批判态度,这种态度在福柯对波德莱尔的浪荡作风与现代性的关联考察中得到了最佳体现。福柯的这些文学评论大多基于一种历史考察,但是其真正的目的仍在于为当下的自我创造提供更多的可能性。

Literature plays a critical role in Foucault's philosophy in raising diagnosis and dissent.Foucault demon-strates the diagnostic role of literature in his analysis of episteme by Don Quixote,and further presents literature as a dissent to challenge the order of rational discourse by Sade's works.These two aspects develop a critical attitude to-wards a historical ontology of ourselves,which is best exemplified in his examination of Baudelaire's dandysme and modernity.Foucault's literary criticisms are based on historical inquiries,but his true purpose is still to provide more possibilities for the current creation of ourselves.