“如此”的程度副词用法及其语法化历程

The Degree Adverb Usage and Grammaticalization of"Ruci(如此)"

“如此”的程度副词用法,学界关注较少且有较大争议。文章考察“如此”的性质,梳理“如此”从词组语法化为程度副词的历程。通过描写“如此”的句法分布、语义特征和表达功能,指出“如此”有程度副词的用法。和普通程度副词相较,“如此”具有非完句效应,在表达上更书面化,凸显言者的主观意愿与情态。“如此”的虚化路径为:动词短语“如此_(0)”>指示代词“如此_(1)”>程度副词“如此2”。副词“如此2”萌芽于先秦,形成于唐宋,成熟于明清。语义羡余、状语位置的明确化、交际求变等是其语法化的动因。

There is little concern and great controversy over the use of the degree adverb of"Ruci(如此)".This paper investigates the nature of"Ruci(如此)"and comb through its process of grammaticalization from the phrase to de-gree adverb.By describing the syntactic distribution,semantic features and expressive function,we may find out that"Ruci(如此)"has the usage of degree adverb.Compared with ordinary degree adverbs,"Ruci(如此)"has the effect of incompleteness,more written in expression and highlighting the speaker's subjective will and modality.Its grammati-calization path is:verb phrase"Ruci0(如此_(0))">demonstrative pronoun"Ruci_(1)(如此_(1))">adverb"Ruci_(2)(如此2)"."Ruci_(2)(如此2)"sprouted in the pre-Qin,formed in the Tang and Song dynasties,and matured in the Ming and Qing dynas-ties.Semantic redundancy,the clarification of adverbial position,communication innovation,etc.are the motivations for its grammaticalization.