三音节同项合并简缩构式的形成和构式化——兼谈2+1式并列加名构式的内部分类

The Formation and Constructionalization of Trisyllabic Constructions of Word-part Ellipsis-On the Internal Classification of 2+1 Constructions in the Form of Parallel Structure Plus a Noun

2+1式并列加名结构数量多且较为能产,通过构式形态学和构式化分析模型,可以厘清这些表层结构相同而实际语义关系有别的词语。按照生成途径可分为缩略造词和非缩略造词两大类,按照构式义又可分为合称和特指两种。依据理据性关联,可以构建出一个自下而上的构式承继网络。同项合并简缩构式由瞬时节点的合称义构式,经由基于使用的构式演变,发生了形式和语义的重新分析,逐渐形成特指义构式。从意义构建来看,功用角色对于合称义构式向特指义构式的转化起重要作用。同项合并简缩构式的构式化动因与机制,一是语境促使的类比作用,二是概念转喻。

2+1 constructions in the form of parallel structure plus a noun are abundant and relatively productive.Through the analysis model of construction morphology and constructionalization,it is possible to clarify these words with similar surface structures but different actual semantic relations.According to the way of formation,they can be divided into two categories:abbreviated words and non-abbreviated words.According to the construction meaning,they can be divided into two categories:collective and specific.In accordance with the motivational association,a bottom-up construction inheritance network can be constructed.The collective-meaning construction of the instantaneous node,one of the constructions of word-part ellipsis,gradually develops into the special-meaning construction through the formal and semantic re-analysis on the basis of the use-based construction.From the perspective of meaning construction,the functional role makes a big difference in the transformation from collective semantic construction to specific semantic construction.The motivation and mechanism for the constructualization of word part ellipsis are the analogical effect prompted by context and conceptual metonymy respectively.