叠层笼养种鸡舍环境监测系统构建及环境特征研究

Constructing an environmental monitoring system of the stacked cage coops for breeding chicken and its environmental characteristics

[目的]通过搭建物联网平台,实现鸡舍环境参数的实时采集与分析,以评估鸡舍内温度、湿度、风速、二氧化碳浓度、颗粒物和噪声水平的分布及其对种鸡生产性能的影响,从而提出优化鸡舍环境管理的建议。[方法]选择2栋试验鸡舍,通过安装温湿度、风速、二氧化碳浓度、颗粒物、噪声等传感器,实时监测鸡舍内的环境参数。数据采集时间为2023年3月18日—9月13日,每5 min记录1次,对采集的数据使用IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0进行分析,采用GLM模块、多重比较和非参数检验方法评估各环境参数的分布情况。[结果]试验期间,鸡舍内各环境参数存在极显著差异。温度波动范围为14.5~25.8℃,相对湿度波动范围为27.7%~83.5%,风速波动范围为0~0.6 m/s,二氧化碳浓度波动范围为0.334~3.605 mL/L。颗粒物和噪声水平除受特定活动影响出现显著变化外,均符合标准。环境参数的波动和分布不均对种鸡生产性能产生一定影响。[结论]鸡舍环境的各项指标均存在一定波动和差异,尤其是温度、湿度和二氧化碳浓度的波动较大,风速较低且分布不均。建议采用分区控制技术,提高温度分布均匀性;加强通风换气,增加风速调节设备;合理安排饲料和清粪作业时间,以优化鸡舍环境管理,确保鸡群的健康和生产性。

[Objectives]A internet of things(IoT)platform was established to real-time monitor and analyze environmental parameters in chicken coops to assess temperature,humidity,wind speed,the concentration of carbon dioxide,particulate matter,and noise levels,and study their effects on the production performance of breeding chicken to propose suggestions for optimizing the management of environment for chicken coops.[Methods]2 experimental chicken coops were selected to install sensors for real-time monitoring the environmental parameters inside the chicken coops including the temperature,humidity,wind speed,the concentration of carbon dioxide,particulate matter,and noise levels.Data were collected from March 18,2022 to September 13,2022,with records taken every 5 minutes.The data collected were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0.GLM module,multiple comparisons,and non-parametric testing methods were used to evaluate the distribution of various environmental parameters.[Results]There were significant differences in various environmental parameters within the chicken coops during the period of experiment.The fluctuation range of the temperature,the relative humidity,the wind speed,and the concentration of carbon dioxide was 14.5-25.8℃,27.7%-83.5%,0-0.6m/s,and 0.334-3.605mL/L,respectively.The concentrations of particulate matter and noise levels met the standards,except for significant changes caused by specific activities.The fluctuation and uneven distribution of environmental parameters had a certain impact on the production performance of breeding chickens.[Conclusions]There are certain fluctuations and differences in various environmental parameters of chicken coops,especially in temperature,humidity,and the concentration of carbon dioxide,with low and uneven distribution of wind speed.It is recommended to adopt zonal control technology to improve the uniformity of temperature distribution,strengthen ventilation and increase regulation equipment of wind speed,reasonably schedule the time of feeding and cleaning manure to optimize the management of the environment for chicken coops and ensure the health and productivity of the chicken flocks.