肝癌免疫治疗的挑战与机遇

Challenges and opportunities in liver cancer immunotherapy

肝癌在全球范围内是第六大最常见的癌症类型,同时也是导致癌症死亡的第三大原因。约有30%的患者在诊断时处于肝癌早期阶段,此时可以通过包括肝部分切除术和肝移植在内的治愈性治疗手段进行治疗,使得患者的中位总生存期能够超过60个月。然而,大多数患者在被确诊时已进展至肝癌晚期,此时的治疗选项常可采用靶向治疗和免疫检查点抑制剂。尤其是包含免疫检查点抑制剂的系统性治疗,在显著改善晚期肝癌患者的预后方面可发挥重要作用。因此,深入探索肝癌的免疫微环境特征,积极识别免疫治疗的生物标志物,对于推进和完善肝癌免疫治疗至关重要。

Liver cancer is the sixth most common type of cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths.Approximately 30%of patients are diagnosed at an early stage of liver cancer,at which point curative treatments such as partial liver resection and liver transplantation can be performed,leading to a median overall survival exceeding 60 months.However,most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage of liver cancer,where treatment options often include targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors.Systemic treatments including immune checkpoint inhibitors play a crucial role in significantly improving the prognosis of patients with advanced liver cancer.Therefore,in-depth exploration of the immune microenvironment characteristics of liver cancer and active identification of biomarkers for immunotherapy are crucial to advancing and improving immunotherapy for liver cancer.