夏季疏花疏果对油茶生长与主要经济性状的影响

The effect of thinning flowers and fruits on the growth and economic characteristics of Camellia oleifera

【目的】油茶是我国南方重要的木本食用油料树种,发展油茶产业对山区乡村振兴和绿色增长具有重要意义。探讨疏花疏果对油茶生长与产量的影响,为油茶丰产稳产栽培提供科学依据。【方法】以油茶主栽品种‘湘林210’的6年生植株为试验材料,运用裂区试验设计,在7—8月分别进行不同程度的疏花芽疏果处理,对油茶的叶片、春梢、成花数量、产量等性状进行对比分析,明确疏花疏果对油茶生长和产量的影响。【结果】不同时间疏花疏果(A)对油茶侧梢的数量、生长和开花影响显著;不同程度疏花疏果处理(B)对叶片叶绿素SPAD值、坐果率影响显著,其中在A1B1处理下,油茶叶片叶绿素SPAD值最大(36.21);在A2B2处理下,油茶叶片氮含量最高(15.87 mg/g);在A2B4处理下,油茶侧梢数量最多(280条/m2),一级侧梢生长最长(33.76 cm)且开花数量最多;在A2B1处理下,一级和三级侧梢叶片数量最多,二级侧梢粗度和叶片数量值均最大;在A3B4处理下,油茶的坐果率最高(33.84%)。疏1/2花芽处理的油茶结果数量最多为155个/株;疏1/2果处理的油茶产量最高为8.23 kg/株。【结论】疏花疏果明显改变了当年油茶树的生长状况,提高了当年油茶果实的经济性状,同时也影响了翌年侧梢生长与花芽分化,在一定程度上改变了不同年份油茶产量大小年的格局。

【Objective】Camellia oleifera is an important woody edible oil tree species in Southern China.The development of C.oleifera production is of great significance for the village revitalization and green growth in mountainous areas.This study aims to explore the effect of thinning flower and fruit on the growth and yield of C.oleifera,providing a basis to achieve sustainable high yields.【Method】C.oleifera cultivated‘Xianglin 210’was used as the experimental material,and different degrees of thinning flower and fruit were carried out at different stages of growth.The leaves,spring shoots,number of flowers,and yield economic traits of C.oleifera were compared and analyzed.The effects of thinning flowers and fruits on the growth and yield for C.oleifera.were revealed【Result】Thinning flower(A)at different times had significant effect on lateral shoot number,growth,and flowering.Thinning fruit(B)at different levels had significantly effect on leaf chlorophyll SPAD value and fruit set rate.Under A1B1 treatment,the highest leaf chlorophyll SPAD value was observed(36.21).Under A2B2 treatment,the highest nitrogen content in leaves was found(15.87 mg/g).Under A2B4 treatment,there were more lateral shoots(280/m²),with longer primary-and secondary-shoot lengths(33.76 cm)and more flowers produced;Under A2B1 treatment,there were more first-and third-order lateral shoot leaves while second-order lateral shoots had larger thicknesses with greater numbers of leaves;Under A3B4 treatment,there was a higher percentage of fruit set rate(33.84%).The maximum number of C.oleifera fruits treated with sparse 1/2 flower buds was 155 per plant.The highest yield of C.oleifera was 8.23 kg/plant with 1/2 fruit thinning treatment.【Conclusion】Thinning flowers and fruit has significantly changed the current-year’s growth status of C.oleifera and improved its economic traits that year.However,the total output in three years has not increased.In the later stage,under the condition of good water and fertilizer management,it is necessary to further explore the use of thinning flowers and fruits techniques to increase the yield for C.oleifera.