外源施硒对绿竹生长、光合作用以及硒含量的影响

Effects of exogenous selenium application on growth, photosynthesis and selenium content in Dendrocalamopsis oldhami

【目的】为提高绿竹笋的硒含量并改善其品质提供参考。【方法】结合盆栽试验和田间试验,盆栽试验以2年生绿竹盆栽苗为试验材料,田间试验以成林绿竹为试验材料,研究外源施硒对绿竹生长、光合作用和硒含量的影响。用亚硒酸钠(Na_(2)SeO_(3))配制成不同质量浓度(0、100、200、300和400 mg/L)的硒溶液,以叶面喷施方式对绿竹进行喷施处理,盆栽试验每株喷施100 mL(以叶面形成均匀水滴但不滴落为准),田间试验每个处理喷施20 L溶液(为避免不同浓度溶液的交互影响,喷施时由低浓度到高浓度喷施)。测定绿竹生长、光合色素含量以及硒含量指标,探讨不同浓度硒处理对绿竹生长及硒富集的影响。【结果】经100、200和300 mg/L质量浓度硒处理后,绿竹的株高、基径、叶长和叶宽均有不同程度的提高。不同浓度硒处理对绿竹叶片光合色素含量和抗氧化酶活性也有一定程度的影响,主要表现为低促高抑。盆栽试验和田间试验的绿竹各器官硒含量变化趋势表现一致,随着施硒浓度的增加呈线性增加趋势。盆栽试验中,绿竹各器官按照硒含量由大到小排列依次为竹叶、竹鞭、竹枝、竹秆;田间试验中,绿竹各器官按照硒含量由大到小排列依次为竹叶、竹鞭、竹枝、竹秆、竹笋;田间试验中绿竹各器官硒含量低于盆栽试验,随着施硒浓度的增加,绿竹各器官硒含量的增加速率也有所降低。【结论】叶面喷施300 mg/L的亚硒酸钠溶液处理对盆栽和田间绿竹生长、光合作用以及硒富集的效果最好。

【Objective】To provide a reference for increasing selenium(Se)content and improving quality of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami shoots.【Method】Combined with the pot and field experiments,the 2-year D.oldhami seedling was used as the test material,and the D.oldhami forest was used as the field material,to study the effect of exogenous selenium(Se)application on the growth,photosynthesis and selenium content.Se solutions of different concentrations(0,100,200,300 and 400 mg/L)were prepared by Na_(2)SeO_(3) combined with pot and field experiments,spraying treatment of D.oldhami with foliar spraying.100 mL solution of each plant in pot experiment(with uniform water droplets on the leaves but not dripping),and 20 L solution was sprayed for each treatment in field experiment(to avoid interactive influence of solution concentration,from low to high solution concentration).The growth,photosynthetic pigment content and selenium content were determined,and the effect of no concentration of selenium.【Result】The plant height,base diameter,leaf length and leaf width of D.oldhami were increased by 100,200 and 300 mg/L concentrations of Se. Different Se concentrations also affected photosynthetic pigment content and antioxidant enzyme activity in leaves of D. oldhami, the main manifestation was low promotion and high inhibition. In the pot experiment, the Se content of all organs of D. oldhami from high to low was leaves, rhizomes, branches, staffs, and the Se content of all organs in D. oldhami from high to low showed leaves, rhizomes, branches, staffs, shoots in other experiment. In the field experiment, the Se content of the organs was lower than that of the pot experiment, and with the increase of the concentration of the Se increased.【Conclusion】Spraying 300 mg/L of Na_(2)SeO_(3) solution on leaves had the best effect on the growth, photosynthesis and Se enrichment of D. oldhami in pot and field experiments.