河西走廊不同产区主栽酿酒葡萄品种品质特性

Quality characteristics of main wine grape varieties in different production areas of the Hexi Corridor

【目的】探究在甘肃河西地区张掖和武威2个产区种植的‘赤霞珠’‘梅鹿辄’‘马瑟兰’‘贵人香’4个酿酒葡萄品种的品质特征和差异,筛选出适合种植的优势品种和地区,为酿酒葡萄的推广利用提供理论依据。【方法】测定和分析4个酿酒葡萄品种的外观果实品质和品质指标(包括果粒质量、果皮质量、种子质量、果实纵横径、花青素与酚类化合物、可溶性固形物、总糖、总酸等),并采用主成分分析法对产区和品种的综合评价进行排序。【结果】发现2个产区的4个酿酒葡萄品种在成熟期的外观果实指标和品质指标存在显著差异。其中,‘贵人香’品种的果实纵、横径和质量最大,其次为‘赤霞珠’‘梅鹿辄’‘马瑟兰’。此外,总酚、单宁、黄酮和花青素的含量在果实不同部位中也存在差异,且各品种间的含量表现为‘赤霞珠’>‘贵人香’>‘梅鹿辄’>‘马瑟兰’,其中花色苷以‘赤霞珠’最高,‘贵人香’最低。总糖、还原糖和pH值则以‘梅鹿辄’最高,‘赤霞珠’最低,总酸以赤霞珠最高。综合分析显示,在张掖产区,‘赤霞珠’的品质表现最佳,适合持续种植。【结论】‘赤霞珠’具有深紫色、中等果粒大小、适中的糖酸比和丰富的酚类和可溶性固形物等品质特点。在张掖产区的综合品质最佳,适宜进一步发展种植。

【Objective】To explore the quality characteristics and differences among four wine grape varieties(‘Cabernet Sauvignon’‘Merlot’‘Marselan’‘Italian Riesling’),grown in the Zhangye and Wuwei regions of Gansu province,China,to identify superior varieties and regions suitable for cultivation,providing a theoretical basis for the promotion and utilization of wine grapes.【Method】The external appearance and quality indicators of the four wine grape varieties were measured and analyzed,including fruit mass,skin quality,seed quality,fruit longitudinal and transverse diameters,as well as anthocyanins,phenolic compounds,soluble solids,total sugars and total acids.Principal component analysis was utilized to rank the comprehensive assessment of production regions and varieties.【Result】Significant differences were found in the appearance and quality indicators of the fruit at maturity for the four wine grape varieties in the two production areas. Among them, the ‘Italian Riesling’ variety had the largest berry size and mass, followed by ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Merlot’, and ‘Marselan’. Furthermore, there were differences in the content of total phenols, tannins, flavonoids, and anthocyanins among different parts of the fruit, with the content of each variety being ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ > ‘Italian Riesling’ > ‘Merlot’ > ‘Marselan’. Additionally, ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ had the highest content of anthocyanins, while ‘Italian Riesling’ had the lowest. ‘Merlot’ had the highest content of total sugars and reducing sugars and the highest pH value, while ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ had the highest total acidity. The comprehensive analysis showed that in the Zhangye production area, the quality performance of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ was the best, suitable for continuous cultivation.【Conclusion】The results indicate that ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ exhibits characteristics of deep purple color, moderate berry size, moderate sugar-to-acid ratio, and rich phenolic and soluble solid content. Zhangye is the most suitable production area for its cultivation.