‘深州蜜桃’园土壤养分与果实品质相关性

The correlations between soil nutrients and fruit quality in peach orchards of‘Shenzhou Peach’

【目的】对‘深州蜜桃’园的土壤养分进行评价,探究‘深州蜜桃’园土壤养分与果实品质间的关系,提出土壤养分优化方案,为‘深州蜜桃’的生产实践提供理论依据。【方法】调查‘深州蜜桃’园的土壤养分及果实品质,根据第二次土壤普查分级标准进行评估,利用皮尔逊相关性分析及逐步回归分析筛选出影响果实品质的主要土壤养分因子,建立线性方程组,获得优质果实品质所对应的土壤养分含量方案。【结果】研究区土壤大部分呈弱碱性,大部分桃园的土壤有机质处于缺乏状态,土壤养分指标均呈现适量或丰富状态。逐步回归分析结果表明果实重量主要受土壤交换性镁的影响,且为负相关关系,可溶性固形物含量主要受土壤碱解氮与速效钾的影响,与碱解氮为负相关关系,与速效钾为正相关关系,可溶性糖含量主要受土壤速效钾的影响,可滴定酸含量主要受有机质的影响,糖酸比主要受有机质与速效钾的影响;求解线性方程组结果显示,当土壤pH值为7.99、有机质为25.3 g·kg^(-1)、碱解氮87.7 mg·kg^(-1)、有效磷93.97 mg·kg^(-1)、速效钾为213.06 mg·kg^(-1)、交换性钙为718.14 mg·kg^(-1)、有效镁为215.56 mg·kg^(-1)、有效铁为15.72 mg·kg^(-1)、有效锰为7.86 mg·kg^(-1)、有效铜为1.86 mg·kg^(-1)、有效锌为1.57 mg·kg^(-1)、有效硼为1.16 mg·kg^(-1)时果实品质达到最优。【结论】研究区的桃园应调节土壤pH值,以提高桃园有机质含量为重点,适量增施有机肥与钾肥,减少氮肥用量。

【Objective】To evaluate the soil nutrients of‘Shenzhou peach’,to investigate the relationship between soil nutrients and fruit quality in peach orchards of‘Shenzhou peach’,and to put forward soil nutrient optimization scheme to provide theoretical reference for the production of‘Shenzhou peach’.The soil nutrient optimization program was proposed to provide theoretical reference for the production of‘Shenzhou peach’orchard.【Method】By investigating the soil nutrients and fruit quality of‘Shenzhou peach’orchard,evaluating them according to the grading standards of the second soil census,using Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis to screen out the main soil nutrient factors affecting the fruit quality,and setting up a system of linear equations,we obtained the soil nutrient content program corresponding to the quality of high-quality fruits.【Result】Most of the soils in the study area were weakly alkaline,and most of the peach orchards were deficient in soil organic matter,while the soil nutrient indexes were moderate or abundant.The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that the fruit mass was mainly affected by soil exchangeable magnesium,and it was negatively correlated;soluble solids were mainly affected by soil alkaline nitrogen and quick-acting potassium,which were negatively correlated with alkaline nitrogen and positively correlated with quick-acting potassium;soluble sugar was mainly affected by soil quick-acting potassium;titratable acid was mainly affected by organic matter,and the sugar-acid ratio was mainly affected by organic matter and quick-acting potassium;the results of the linear equations showed that when the soil was alkaline,most of the peach orchards were in the state of lack of organic matter,and all of them showed moderate or abundant soil nutrient indexes.The results of the system of linear equations showed that when the soil pH was 7.99,the organic matter was 25.3 g·kg^(-1),the alkaline dissolved nitrogen was 87.7 mg·kg^(-1),the effective phosphorus was 93.97 mg·kg^(-1),the quick-acting potassium was 213.06 mg·kg^(-1),the exchangeable calcium was 718.14 mg·kg^(-1),the effective magnesium was 215.56 mg·kg^(-1),the effective iron was 15.72 mg·kg^(-1),the effective manganese was 7.86 mg·kg^(-1),effective Cu at 1.86 mg·kg^(-1),effective Zn at 1.57 mg·kg^(-1),and effective B at 1.16 mg·kg^(-1),the fruit quality was optimized.【Conclusion】The peach orchards in the study area should regulate soil pH,focus on improving the organic matter content of peach orchards,apply organic fertilizers and potash fertilizers in moderation,and reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizers.