涉锑废物流及锑回收途径现状概述

Summary of antimony residues and status in antimony recovery technology

锑作为一种战略性资源,广泛应用于铅酸蓄电池、塑料阻燃剂、催化剂等工业产品和半导体、红外探测器等领域。中国是世界上最大的锑供应国和消费国,然而随着锑需求的日益增大,锑将逐渐成为最稀缺的金属之一,锑的回收受到广泛关注。从锑的生命周期入手,覆盖从锑矿冶金生产、涉锑产品加工生产利用及含锑废弃物处置等环节,对不同工业环境中锑的去向进行梳理,二次锑生产大部分来自冶金工业残留物及报废的含锑铅酸电池,对冶金工业锑残留物和报废产品中锑的回收技术进行总结和难点分析,含锑产品中锑含量较低、材料混合复杂成为制约含锑报废品回收的主要原因,总结锑生产应用过程中涉及的土壤、空气和水环境污染情况及污染治理回收现状,环境污染治理中锑主要被视为污染源而非资源二次利用的来源,或需开发更多富集、回收的技术来推进研究。

Antimony,a strategic resource,is extensively utilized in a multitude of industrial products including lead⁃acid batteries,plastic flame retardants,catalysts,semiconductors,and infrared detectors.China stands as the largest producer and consumer of antimony worldwide.However,with the escalating demand for antimony,this metal is anticipated to gradu⁃ally transition into one of the most scarce metals.Consequently,there has been a surge in attention towards the recycling of antimony.The destination of antimony in different industrial environments was delved into the life cycle of antimony,encom⁃passing the metallurgical production of antimony ore,the processing,production,and utilization of antimony⁃related prod⁃ucts,as well as the disposal of antimony⁃containing wastes.Notably,secondary antimony production predominantly ema⁃nated from metallurgical industry residues and discarded antimony⁃containing lead⁃acid batteries.The difficulties in the re⁃covery technology of antimony residues and scrap products in the metallurgical industry were summarized and analyzed.The low antimony content and complex material mixing in antimony containing products were the main reasons that restrict the recovery of antimony containing waste products.The soil,air,and water environmental pollution involved in the production and application of antimony,as well as the current status of pollution control and recovery were summarized.In environmen⁃tal pollution control,antimony was mainly regarded as a source of pollution rather than a source of secondary resource utili⁃zation.Consequently,there was a pressing need for more sophisticated enrichment and recovery technologies to stimulate fur⁃ther research.