叶面喷施乙烯利对银杏叶生物量、生理及品质的影响

Effects of ethephon application on biomass,physiology and quality of Ginkgo biloba leaves

【目的】探讨不同外源乙烯利浓度对银杏叶生物量、生理及品质的影响,为提高银杏叶片药用有效成分提供理论指导。【方法】以3年生银杏实生苗为材料,喷施4种浓度的乙烯利(200、400、600、800 mg·L^(-1)),30 d后采样。测定叶生物量、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、内源激素及萜内酯类化合物含量等,并进行相关性分析,筛选有利于银杏叶生物量积累、生理代谢和品质提高的外源乙烯利浓度。【结果】除800 mg·L^(-1)的处理组外,其余处理组叶生物量均高于对照但未达到显著差异水平。外源乙烯利浓度不同程度地提高了银杏叶总叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白的含量。800 mg·L^(-1)的乙烯利处理显著提高了银杏叶片中萜内酯类化合物的含量,与对照组相比提高了13.41%。此浓度下,赤霉素(GA_(3))和脱落酸(ABA)含量显著增加。高浓度乙烯利(>500 mg·L^(-1))处理组银杏内酯A(GA)含量显著高于对照,除600 mg·L^(-1)的处理组外,其他浓度处理组的银杏内酯B(GB)含量均显著高于对照组,不同浓度乙烯利处理均显著降低了白果内酯(BB)含量,而对银杏内酯C(GC)含量无显著影响。相关性分析表明,GA含量与叶绿素a、总叶绿素呈显著负相关,与类胡萝卜素呈极显著负相关。GB含量与ABA呈显著正相关,与生长素(IAA)、GA_(3)、玉米素(ZR)呈显著正相关。GC、BB含量与ZR呈显著正相关。基于主成分分析得出各乙烯利喷施浓度的综合得分由高到低依次为800、600、400、200、0 mg·L^(-1)。【结论】喷施适宜浓度的乙烯利能有效促进银杏叶生物量的积累,增强初生代谢,提高银杏叶中萜内酯化合物的含量,适宜的乙烯利喷施浓度为800 mg·L^(-1)。

【Objective】To investigate the effects of different concentrations of exogenous ethephon on the biomass,physiology and quality of Ginkgo biloba leaves,and to provide theoretical guidance for improving the medicinal active components of G.biloba leaves.【Method】The three-year-old G.biloba seedlings were sprayed with 4 concentrations of ethephon (200,400,600,800 mg·L~(-1)) and sampled 30 days later.Leaf biomass,soluble sugars,soluble proteins,endogenous hormones and terpene lactones were measured,and the correlation analysis was carried out.【Result】Except for the 800 mg·L~(-1 )treatment group,the leaf biomass of the other treatment groups was higher than that of the control group but did not reach a significant difference level.The contents of total chlorophyll,soluble sugar and soluble protein in G.biloba leaves were increased by exogenous ethephon concentration.The contents of terpene lactones in ginkgo leaves were significantly increased by 800 mg·L~(-1 )ethephon treatment,which was 13.41% higher than that in control group.At this concentration,the contents of gibberellin (GA_3) and abscisic acid (ABA) increased significantly.GinkgolideA (GA) in high concentration ethephon (>500 mg·L~(-1)) treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group,except for600 mg·L~(-1) treatment group,the content of ginkgolide B (GB) in other concentration treatment groups was significantly higher than that in control group,and the content of ginkgolide (BB) was significantly reduced under different concentrations.The content of ginkgolide C (GC) was not significantly affected.Correlation analysis showed that GA content was negatively correlated with chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll,and was negatively correlated with carotenoids.The content of GB was positively correlated with ABA,auxin (IAA),GA_(3 )and zeatin (ZR).The contents of GC and BB were positively correlated with ZR.Based on principal component analysis,the comprehensive scores of ethephon spray concentration were 800,600,400,200,0 mg·L~(-1) from high to low.【Conclusion】Application of appropriate concentration of ethephon can effectively promote the accumulation of biomass in G.biloba leaves,enhance primary metabolism,and increase the content of terpene lactone compounds in G.biloba leaves.The appropriate concentration of ethephon is 800 mg·L~(-1).