红心杉不同无性系性状早期变异与综合选择

Early variation and comprehensive selection of traits in different clones of red-heart Chinese fir

【目的】考察了红心杉无性系生长(树高、胸径)和形质(冠幅、枝盘数、坐生密度)性状,为红心杉优质用材良种选育和定向培育提供理论依据。【方法】以5年生红心杉试验林50个无性系为原材料,对其生长性状和性质性状进行测定和分析,通过遗传变异分析、方差分析、重复力估算,利用聚类分析和隶属函数法综合选择优良无性系。【结果】不同无性系间性状变异类型丰富,变异幅度为2.06%~13.88%。胸径与树高,胸径与冠幅间呈显著或极显著正相关,与枝盘数间呈极显著负相关,形质性状间差异不显著。各性状的重复力为0.144 6~0.505 4,除了枝盘数外,都受中等的遗传控制。各性状间具有一定相关性,相关系数为-0.074~0.638。聚类分析可将50个无性系分为3类,其中,类群Ⅲ的生长性状最佳,类群Ⅰ的形质性状最优。针对不同育种目标,利用隶属函数法发现综合性状平均隶属函数值为19H30>19H38>19H25;生长性状平均隶属函数值为19H25>19H42>19H30;形质性状平均隶属函数值为19H47>19H16>19H38。【结论】5年生红心杉无性系间各性状存在丰富的遗传变异,且性状受到中等的遗传控制,有较好的遗传改良潜力,且生长性状与形质性状具有独立性,可进行单独定向选择。红心杉无性系19H25、19H30在综合性状和生长性状排序都位列前三,可考虑作为优良无性系在当地推广。

【Objective】To study the breeding and directional cultivation of high-quality red-heart Chinese fir clones by investigating the growth (tree height,DBH) and trunk shape traits (Crown width,number of branches tray,cluster density) of red-heart Chinese fir clones.【Method】The analysis of genetic variation,variance and repeatability of growth traits and nature traits were carried out using 50 five-year-old red-heart Chinese fir clones.The optimal clones were selected by cluster analysis and membership function method.【Result】The variation types of characters among different clones were rich,and the variation range was 2.06%-13.88%.DBH and height,DBH and crown width were significantly or extremely significantly positive correlation,and were extremely significantly negative correlation with the number of branches tray.There was no significant difference of trunk shape traits.There was a certain correlation among the characters,and the correlation coefficient was-0.074-0.638.Cluster analysis results divided 50 clones into 3 types,among which,group III had the best growth character and group I had the best shape and quality character.According to different breeding targets,the average membership function value of comprehensive traits was 19H30>19H38>19H25 by membership functionmethod.The average membership function of growth traits was 19H25>19H42>19H30;the average membership function values of shape and quality traits were 19H47>19H16>19H38.【Conclusion】There are abundant genetic variations among the four year old clones of red-heart Chinese fir,and the traits are under medium genetic control,which has good genetic improvement potential.Moreover,growth traits and shape and quality traits are independent and can be selected independently.The clones 19H25 and 19H30 of Corydalis koraiensis rank in the top three in terms of comprehensive characters and growth characters,which can be considered as excellent clones to be popularized locally.