真空电弧熔炼FeCoNiCrMnAl_(0.5)(Si_(0.5))高熵合金的摩擦学性能

Tribological Properties of FeCoNiCrMnAl_(0.5)(Si_(0.5))High Entropy Alloy Melted via Vacuum Arc Melting

高熵合金相较于传统合金可以同时具备高强度、高硬度以及出色的耐腐蚀性和耐高温性能,具有广阔的工业应用前景。元素及其含量是高熵合金组织性能的最直接影响因素,为探究非金属元素对FeCoNiCrMnAl_(0.5)高熵合金耐磨性的影响,采用真空电弧熔炼技术制备FeCoNiCrMnAl_(0.5)(Si_(0.5))高熵合金铸锭,研究Si元素对高熵合金微观组织结构、硬度及干摩擦学性能的影响。试验发现,FeCoNiCrMnAl_(0.5)合金铸锭物相为单一FCC相结构,组织呈现等轴树枝晶特点,晶粒大小为20~30μm;FeCoNiCrMnAl_(0.5)Si_(0.5)铸锭物相由FCC+BCC相组成,晶粒尺寸为10~20μm;FeCoNiCrMnAl_(0.5)铸锭硬度较低仅为185.8 HV0.1,FeCoNiCrMnAl_(0.5)Si_(0.5)铸锭硬度可达到750.7 HV0.1,其抗磨损性能相比FeCoNiCrMnAl_(0.5)也提升超过10倍。这表明Si元素能促使高熵合金物相结构由FCC向BCC转变,同时具有细化晶粒,大幅提升高熵合金的硬度与抗磨损性能作用。Si元素的作用对高熵合金具有普遍的适用性,可为高熵合金涂层耐磨性的强化提供参考。

Vacuum arc melting(VAM)technology stands as a pivotal technique in the synthesis of High-entropy alloys(HEAs),offering distinctive benefits and wide-ranging potential applications.Primarily,VAM is executed under high-vacuum conditions,which mitigates oxidation and gas contamination at elevated temperatures,facilitating the creation of high-purity HEA materials.These high-purity alloys are crucial in sectors like aviation,aerospace,and electronics,where material integrity significantly impacts performance and reliability.The vacuum setting plays a vital role in eliminating gases and impurities from metals,thus elevating the quality and properties of the resulting materials.Moreover,VAM technology is characterized by its high degree of controllability.The manipulation of process variables such as electrode spacing,arc current,and atmospheric conditions allows for precise tailoring of the alloy's composition and microstructure.This precision is instrumental in exploring the relationship between the composition of HEAs and their properties,enabling the development of custom alloys designed to fulfill specific requirements across various industries.HEAs are recognized for their exceptional attributes,including superior strength,enhanced ductility,and outstanding corrosion resistance.Their complex crystal structures endow them with a performance edge over conventional alloys,making VAM a critical method in advancing the development and application of HEAs.Therefore,HEAs produced via VAM technology present vast application potential across multiple domains.In materials science,HEAs are poised to revolutionize the fabrication of advanced structural components,including engine parts and aerospace structures,by leveraging their superior physical and chemical characteristics.These properties make HEAs ideal for enduring the rigors of high temperature,high pressure,and the multifaceted challenges of aviation and aerospace operational environments.Specifically,the incorporation of HEAs into aircraft engine components can significantly enhance high-temperature strength and wear resistance,leading to notable improvements in engine efficiency and longevity.Beyond aviation and aerospace,HEAs find applicability in sectors such as high-speed rail and nuclear energy equipment,offering innovative pathways for the advancement of engineering structural materials.In the energy sector,the exceptional thermal conductivity and resistance to high temperatures of HEAs make them suitable for use in combustion devices,heat exchangers,and as thermoelectric materials.The paradigm shift in design concepts allows HEAs to outperform traditional alloys by exhibiting a combination of high strength,hardness,superior corrosion resistance,and high-temperature endurance,thus opening up expansive industrial applications.The composition of HEAs,including the selection of elements and their proportions,plays a critical role in determining their microstructure and resultant properties.This direct relationship between elemental composition and alloy characteristics underscores the importance of precision in the design and production of HEAs,highlighting the transformative potential of VAM technology in the field.This study explores the impact of non-metallic elements on the wear resistance of FeCoNiCrMnAl_(0.5) HEAs.Utilizing VAM technology,FeCoNiCrMnAl_(0.5)(Si_(0.5))HEA ingots were prepared to examine the influence of Si on the alloy's microstructure,hardness,and dry friction characteristics.The investigation revealed that the FeCoNiCrMnAl_(0.5) alloy exhibits a singular FCC phase structure characterized by equiaxed dendritic morphology with a grain size ranging from 20–30μm.Conversely,the addition of Si results in the FeCoNiCrMnAl_(0.5)Si_(0.5) ingot featuring both FCC and BCC phases,alongside a reduced grain size of 10–20μm.Notably,the hardness of the FeCoNiCrMnAl_(0.5)Si_(0.5) ingot significantly increases to 750.7HV0.1 from 185.8HV0.1 observed in the FeCoNiCrMnAl_(0.5) ingot,enhancing its wear resistance by over tenfold.These findings demonstrate that Si effectively facilitates a phase transformation from FCC to BCC,refines grains,and markedly boosts the hardness and wear resistance of HEAs.The role of Si in enhancing HEAs'properties suggests a broader applicability in strengthening the wear resistance of HEA coatings.Moreover,VAM technology showcases scalability and environmental sustainability,supporting large-scale production to fulfill industrial demands.This method exhibits a lower energy requirement compared to traditional metallurgical processes,minimizing waste generation and environmental pollution,thereby contributing to reduced carbon emissions and endorsing sustainability.In summary,VAM technology emerges as a pivotal approach in the fabrication of HEAs,holding vast potential across materials science,aviation,aerospace,energy,and other engineering disciplines.It promises to accelerate the development and application of novel materials,propelling industrial advancement and economic growth.