基于大食物观的草地农业发展趋势及关键科学问题

Development Trends and Key Scientific Issues of Grassland Agriculture Based on the Big Food View

大食物观下,国家食物安全的重点是饲料粮安全。草地农业是全球最重要的食物生产系统之一,既直接生产草畜产品,又间接地为食物生产提供生态保障,满足国家对食物安全、生态安全和边疆稳定不断增长的刚性需求。目前,草地农业保障国家食物安全的水平亟待提高,支撑国家高质量发展的能力亟待加强。种子是草地农业的物质基础,天然草原和栽培草地(也称“人工草地”)是草地农业生产食物的主要基地,草地保护为草地农业开展食物生产“保驾护航”,草地农业系统耦合促进食物生产的效益放大。草地农业是基础性战略产业,保障国家食物安全的水平依靠基础研究的创新。为此,本文分析了草类种质资源挖掘利用与种子生产控制、牧草优质高产栽培与转化、草原生态生产力维持与修复、草地有害生物管理、草地农业系统耦合与管理等5个方面的研究进展,并提出对应的关键科学问题。

From the perspective of‘Big Food’,the safety of feed grains is a key focus of food security in China.Grassland agriculture is one of the most important food production systems in the world,which not only directly produces grass and livestock products,but also indirectly provides ecological protection for food production,meeting the growing rigid demands of the country for food security,ecological security,and border stability.Still,we need to improve the capacity and level of grassland agriculture to ensure food security and support high-quality development of China.Seeds are the material foundation of grassland agriculture,and natural grasslands and cultivated grasslands(formerly known as artificial grassland or sown grassland)are the main bases for grassland agriculture to produce food.Grassland protection serves as an“escort”for grassland agriculture to carry out food production,and the coupling of grassland agriculture system promotes the amplification of food production benefits.Grassland agriculture is a fundamental strategic industry,and the level of which relies on innovation in fundamental research to ensure national food security.Therefore,we analyzed the research progress in five aspects,including exploration and utilization of grass germplasm resources and seed production control,cultivation and transformation of high-quality and yield of grass,the maintenance and restoration of grassland ecological productivity,grassland pest management,and grassland agricultural system coupling and management,and thus proposed corresponding key scientific problems.