自贸试验区建设对就业水平的影响——来自中国276个地级市的经验证据

On the Impact of Pilot Free Trade Zones on the Employment:Based on Empirical Evidence from 276 Prefecture-level Cities in China

本研究基于2004—2019年中国276个地级市数据,利用多期双重差分法探讨自贸试验区建设对就业水平的影响。研究结果显示:自贸试验区的设立显著提高了其所在城市的就业水平,相对于未设立自贸试验区的城市,该政策的推行使自贸试验区所在城市的就业水平平均增加约10.6%。从分区域结果来看,相比于沿海,内地自贸试验区对就业水平的提升作用更加显著;从分时间结果来看,第1批自贸试验区对就业的促进作用更突出,且随着自贸试验区设立时间的推移,其对城市就业水平的影响逐渐减弱。机制分析结果显示:自贸试验区的设立通过增加外资流入、促进产业结构高级化2个维度提高当地就业水平。

Based on the data of 276 cities in China from 2004 to 2019,this paper explores the impact of pilot FTZs on employment by using the Differences in Differences with Multiple Time Periods method.The findings show that pilot FTZs significantly increase the employment of the cities in which they are located,by about 10.6%on average,compared with cities without implementing this policy.In terms of results by region,the effect of inland pilot FTZs on the employment is more pronounced compared to coastal ones.In terms of the results by time,the first pilot FTZs play a more prominent role in promoting employment,and their impact on employment gradually diminishes as time passes.The results of the mechanism analysis show that pilot FTZs improve the local employment through two dimensions:increasing the inflow of foreign direct investment and upgrading the industrial structure.