毛囊形态发生、周期性发育和分子调控机制研究进展

Research progress of hair follicle morphogenesis,periodic development and molecular regulation mechanism

毛囊是连续重复生长和周期回归的微型器官,在皮肤再生过程中起着重要的作用。毛囊与针对病原体的免疫反应、体温调节、皮脂生成、血管生成、神经发生和伤口愈合有关。毛囊的生长周期大致有3个阶段:生长期、退行期和休止期。在每个周期中,毛囊都会形成新的毛干,而旧的毛发最终会脱落。毛干由毛囊产生的终末分化角质形成细胞组成。毛囊的形态发生和形态周期受到上皮细胞和间充质细胞之间的Wnt、Shh、Notch、BMP和其他多种信号通路相互作用的调控,当这些信号分子异常表达时,毛囊的发育和周期会随之发生改变,从而导致脱发等疾病的发生。因此,本文将对毛囊的形态发生、周期性发育和分子调控机制进行综述,为今后脱发疾病的研究和形成功能性毛囊提供新的思路。

Hair follicles are miniature,which undergo continuous repetitive growth and cycle regression,and play an important role in the process of skin regeneration.Hair follicles are involved in immune response to pathogens,thermoregulation,sebum production,angiogenesis,neurogenesis,and wound healing.There are roughly three stages in the growth cycle of hair follicles:anagen,catagen and telogen.In each cycle,hair follicles form new hair shafts,while old hair eventually falls out.Hair shafts are composed of terminally differentiated keratinocytes produced by hair follicles.The morphogenesis and morphological cycle of hair follicles are regulated by the interaction of Wnt,Shh,Notch,BMP and other signaling pathways between epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells.When these signaling molecules are abnormally expressed,the development and cycle of hair follicles will be changed,and result in the occurrence of diseases such as hair loss.Therefore,this article reviews the morphogenesis,periodic development,and molecular regulation mechanism of hair follicles,and provides new ideas for the future study of hair loss diseases and the formation of functional hair follicles.