跨理论模式健康教育在妊娠期糖尿病患者干预中的应用

The Application of Transtheoretical Model Health Education in the Intervention of Patients with Gestational Diabetes

目的:观察跨理论模式健康教育对妊娠期糖尿病患者的效果。方法:2022年2月—2023年2月在鹰潭市妇幼保健院接受干预的妊娠期糖尿病患者中选出96例为研究对象。通过随机数字表法把其划分成观察组(n=48)与对照组(n=48)。对照组行常规健康教育,观察组行跨理论模式健康教育。对比干预前后两组外周血空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)和干预后的分娩结局,并于干预前后采用本院自制的健康知识掌握调查问卷和一般自我效能感量表(GSES)进行健康知识掌握和自我效能感评价。结果:干预后,观察组FBG、2 h PBG、HbA1c均较对照组显著下降(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组GSES评分与健康知识掌握评分均较对照组高(P<0.05)。观察组与对照组相比较,剖宫产率、产妇产后出血率、胎儿宫内窒息、胎膜早破、巨大儿发生率明显均较低(P<0.05)。结论:对妊娠糖尿病患者应用跨理论模式健康教育能有效提升患者健康知识及自我效感,可有效控制血糖,降低不良妊娠结局。

Objective:To observe the effect of transtheoretical model health education on patients with gestational diabetes.Method:From February 2022 to February 2023,96 patients with gestational diabetes who received intervention in Yingtan Maternal and Child Health Hospital were selected as the research objects.They were divided into observation group(n=48)and control group(n=48)by the random number table method.The control group received routine health education,and the observation group received transtheoretical model health education.The peripheral fasting blood glucose(FBG),2 hour postprandial blood glucose(2 h PBG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)before and after intervention and the delivery outcomes after intervention of two groups were compared,the health knowledge mastery questionnaire designed by our hospital and general self-efficacy scale(GSES)were used to evaluate the health knowledge mastery and self-efficacy before and after intervention.Result:After intervention,the levels of FBG,2 h PBG,and HbA1c of observation group decreased significantly than those of control group(P<0.05).After intervention,the GSES scores and health knowledge mastery score of observation group were significantly higher than those of control group(P<0.05).The incidences of cesarean section,postpartum hemorrhage,intrauterine asphyxia,premature rupture of membranes,and macrosomia in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of transtheoretical model health education model to gestational diabetes patients can effectively improve patients'health knowledge and selfefficacy,effectively control blood sugar,and reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes.