提取方法对猴头菇不溶性膳食纤维结构、理化及功能特性的影响

Effects of Extraction Methods on Structure,Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Insoluble Dietary Fiber from Hericium erinaceus

以猴头菇为材料,采用碱法、复酶法和超声辅助酶法提取猴头菇不溶性膳食纤维,比较3种提取方法对猴头菇不溶性膳食纤维结构(insoluble dietary fiber,IDF)、理化及功能特性的影响。结果表明,3种方法中碱法提取的IDF得率最高,为(42.95±1.43)%;电镜扫描结果显示,超声辅助酶法和碱法使IDF具有大量褶皱和疏松多孔结构;傅里叶变换红外光谱显示,3种方法提取的IDF具有相似峰形,均有多糖特征结构。理化特性方面,碱法[持水力为(6.47±0.05)g/g]和超声辅助酶法[膨胀力为(13.54±0.22)mL/g]使IDF水合性能更好,其中超声辅助酶法有利于IDF保持良好的色泽,复酶法[持油力为(2.91±0.14)g/g]则使IDF具有更好的持油力。功能特性方面,3种方法提取的IDF均能有效吸附胆固醇和葡萄糖,其中超声辅助酶法得到的IDF对胆固醇和葡萄糖的吸附能力最佳,并且具有良好的抗氧化活性。综上,超声辅助酶法提取的IDF结构松散多孔,理化性质和功能特性良好,是提取猴头菇IDF的有效方法。

Using Hericium erinaceus as the material,the alkali method,complex enzyme method,and ultrasound‐assisted enzyme method were used to extract insoluble dietary fiber(IDF)from H.erinaceus.In addition,the effects of the three extraction methods on the structure,physicochemical,and functional properties of IDF were compared.Results showed that the highest yield of IDF was obtained with the alkali method(42.95±1.43)%.Scanning electron microscopy results showed that IDF extracted by ultrasound‐assisted enzyme method and alkali method had a large number of folds and loose porous structure.Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the IDF extracted by the three methods had similar peak shapes,all showing polysaccharide characteristic structures.In terms of physicochemical properties,the alkali method[water holding capacity(6.47±0.05)g/g]and ultrasound‐assisted enzyme method[swelling capacity(13.54±0.22)mL/g]had better hydration properties for IDF,with the ultrasound‐assisted enzyme method contributing to maintaining good color of IDF,while the complex enzyme method[oil holding capacity(2.91±0.14)g/g]facilitated better oil holding capacity of IDF.Regarding functional properties,IDF extracted by all three methods effectively adsorbed cholesterol and glucose.Specifically,IDF obtained by ultrasound‐assisted enzyme method exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for cholesterol and glucose,as well as excellent antioxidant activity.In conclusion,IDF extracted by ultrasound‐assisted enzyme method had a loose porous structure,good physicochemical properties,and functional properties,making it an effective method for extracting IDF from H.erinaceus.