从“可望”走向“可及”:刑事在线诉讼完善的时空进路

From"Expectable"to"Attainable":Time-space Approaches for Perfection of Online Criminal Litigation

网络技术产生了新的空间秩序与时间现象,在重构传统诉讼形态的同时,也引发了空间异化和时间错配的风险,使得信息会被“遮蔽”、画面会被“裁剪”,进而可能导致辩护边缘化、质证虚化、知情权弱化。在线诉讼也应当满足一种时空正义的要求,保障在线空间上的平等和时间上的同步以促进公平。在线认罪认罚应保障空间开放并充分释明,在线会见也要保障权利空间的专属性和私密性。对适用在线诉讼的时空环节进行甄别取舍,明确辩护人同意、在场且“在旁”、证据平台公平开放的空间规则,保障疑议证据的线下核实。增加确认环节以确保时间同步与信息对应,增设在线诉讼的知情权保障机制和必要性考量机制,赋予被告人设备更换权和程序变更权。

With the development of online litigation,the traditional litigation has been reconstructed,leading to the risk of spatial alienation and time mismatch,so that the necessary information is"masked"and the original video is"cropped,"and in the end,there exist the marginalization of defense,the blurring of evidence cross-examination,and the weakening of the right to know.Online litigation should also meet the requirements of space-time justice,ensuring equality in online space and synchronization in time to promote fairness.Online confession should ensure that the space is open and fully explained,and online interview should also ensure the exclusive nature and privacy of the right.The time and space links in online litigation should be screened and selected,and the spatial rules of advocate′s consent,presence and being"next,"and those for fair and open evidence platform should be guaranteed,so as to ensure the verification of doubtful evidence.Confirmation links should be added to ensure time synchronization and information correspondence.A mechanism of protection and evaluation should be added to the right to know for online litigation,thus giving defendants the right to replace equipment and the right to change procedures.