谷子种质资源在榆林地区的农艺性状分析及适应性评价

Analysis of Agronomic Traits and Adaptability Evaluation of Foxtail Millet Germplasm Resources in Yulin Area

本研究以96份不同品种谷子为材料,通过比较生育期、刺毛色、穗型、农艺性状及产量等参数的变化,并采用相关性分析、主成分分析、灰色关联度以及聚类分析相结合的方法,分析主要农艺性状之间的相关性,评价各谷子品种在榆林地区的适应性。结果表明:除GZ17、GZ30死亡未出苗外,其余品种均能够正常成熟,生育期范围是73~122d;刺毛色中,绿色、黄色、紫色分别为30.9%、39.4%、29.8%;穗型中鸡嘴形、纺锤形、圆筒形、棍棒形、猫爪形、鸭嘴形分别为23.4%、23.4%、35.1%、13.8%、3.2%、1.1%;农艺性状变异系数范围是9.78%~33.31%,其中单穗粒重变异系数最高为36.1%,株高变异系数最低为9.78%;除分蘖数与产量呈负相关外,其余性状与产量均呈正相关,单穗粒重与产量相关系数最大;前5个主成分累计贡献率达到89.45%,第1主成分贡献率为41.32%;各性状与产量的关联度排序为:单穗粒重>株高>主穗直径>千粒重>主茎穗长>主茎节数>分蘖数。聚类分析表明:96份谷子种质资源分为三个类群,第Ⅰ类群包含48份资源,第Ⅱ类群包含22份资源,第Ⅲ类群包含24份资源。综合分析认为,谷子品种改良中单穗粒重可作为优先改良对象,最适宜在榆林种植的谷子品种为GZ28、GZ68、GZ83。

In this study,96 foxtail millet varieties were used as materials,and the adaptability of each millet variety in the Yulin area was evaluated by comparing their parameter changes such as growth period,spiny coat color,ear type,agronomic traits,and yield.Correlation analysis,principal component analysis,grey correlation degree,and cluster analysis were used to analyze the correlation between their main agronomic traits.The results showed that except for GZ17 and GZ30,the other varieties could mature normally,with the growth period ranging from 73 to 122 days.Among the spiny coat colors,green,yellow,and purple were 30.9%,39.4%,and 29.8%,respectively.The chicken beak shape,spindle shape,cylinder shape,stick shape,cat's claw shape,and duckbill shape were 23.4%,23.4%,35.1%,13.8%,3.2%,and 1.1%,respectively.The coefficient of variation of agronomic traits ranged from 9.78% to 33.31%,with the highest coefficient of variation being 36.1% for single ear grain and the lowest coefficient of variation being 9.78%for plant height.Except for the negative correlation between the number of tillers and yield,the other traits were positively correlated with yield,and the correlation coefficient between grain weight and yield was the greatest.The cumulative contribution rate of the first five principal components reached 89.45%,and the contribution rate of the first principal component was 41.32%.The correlation between each trait and yield was as follows:single panicle grain weight>plant height>main panicle diameter>thousand-grain weight>main stem panicle length>number of main stem nodes>tillers.Cluster analysis showed that 96 foxtail millet germplasm resources were divided into three groups,with 48 resources in group I,22 resources in group II,and 24 resources in group III.Comprehensive analysis showed that the grain weight of single ear in the improvement of foxtail millet varieties can be used as the priority improvement object,and foxtail millet varieties GZ28,GZ68,and GZ83 are the most suitable for planting in Yulin.