牛粪有机肥对土壤微生物群落的影响

Effects of Cow Manure Organic Fertilizer on Soil Microbial Communities

为探究牛粪有机肥对土壤微生物群落结构及功能的影响,以充分腐熟发酵的牛粪为处理材料,设置不施基肥(CK)和以牛粪有机肥为基肥、施肥量29850 kg/hm2(DT)共2个处理,采用重铬酸钾法测定土壤有机质含量,利用宏基因组测序技术分析土壤微生物群落结构及功能丰度变化。结果表明:牛粪有机肥显著提高了土壤有机质含量;牛粪处理后,土壤所含基因数目更多,且特有基因数目显著增加;土壤的微生物种群相对丰度在界、门、纲、目、科、属和种水平上均发生变化,牛粪处理显著提高了疣微菌纲(Verrucomicrobiae)、热微菌纲(Thermomicrobia)、Blastocatellia纲、Nitrososphaeria纲、纤线杆菌纲(Ktedonobacteria)和红杆菌纲的相对丰度,显著降低了硝化螺旋菌纲(Nitrospira)、δ-变形菌纲(Deltaproteobacteria)、γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)和浮霉菌纲的相对丰度。主成分分析(PCA)和非度量多维尺度(NMDS)降维分析结果进一步表明牛粪有机肥改变了土壤微生物群落结构。数据库CAZy、KEGG和eggNOG的注释结果显示,牛粪有机肥促使土壤微生物群落中的功能丰度发生变化。综上所述,牛粪有机肥对农田土壤的有效利用有积极影响。

To explore effects of cow manure organic fertilizer on structure and function of soil microbial communities,fully decomposed and fermented cow manure was used as the treatment material.Two treatments were designed:the control group(CK)with no base fertilizer and the treatment group(DT)applying 29850 kg/hm2 of cow manure as base fertilizer.The organic matter content was determined by the potassium dichromate method,and structure and functional abundance of soil microbial communities were studied by the metagenomic sequencing technology.The results showed that the organic matter content in soil significantly increased with the application of cow manure organic fertilizer.After the cow manure treatment,there were more genes in soil,and the number of unique genes rose remarkably.The relative abundance of microbial populations in soil changed at the kingdom,phylum,class,family,genus,and species levels.The cow manure treatment notably improved the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiae,Thermomicrobia,Blastocatellia,Nitrososphaeria,Ktedonobacteria and Rubrobacteria,while significantly decreased the relative abundance of Nitrospira,Deltaproteobacteria,Gammaproteobacteria and Planctomycetia.PCA and NMDS analysis results further indicated that the structure of microbial communities in soil changed with the application of cow manure organic fertilizer.The annotation results of CAZy,KEGG,and eggNOG databases showed that cow manure organic fertilizer promoted changes in functional abundance of soil microbial communities.In summary,cow manure organic fertilizer had a positive impact on the effective use of farmland soil.